Movement Towards Decolinization Essay

Introduction â€Å"Movement Towards Decolonization .† Before I start the basic part of my coursework introduction I would like to define these words and the meaning of this statement . Movement – an act of changing location or position . Towards – moving or coming to a particular direction . Decolonization – to grant independence to a colony . With my understanding the statement â€Å"Movement Towards Decolonization † is literally meaning that The Bahamas was making a change in government and the rights for Bahamians in their own society . They know what they needed to accomplish and where they were headed to become not only independent people but an independent nation to better our Bahamian Society from a colony . In this history coursework I’m going to write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot in Nassau, Bahamas in 1942 . What effects the Burma Road Riot had on the development of political parties and trade unions of The Bahamas . Also act as a member of the Taxi Cab Union during the General Strike of 1958, where I’m speaking about what I’ve experienced . Lastly is to give an explanation of the sources given which I consider to be true and prove that the 1942 riot was responsible for the political changes that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s . Question 1 a) Write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot in Nassau, Bahamas. The Burma Road Riot occurred in the year of 1942 due to unfair wages . During 1942, with the Americans being at war, the US decided to expand Oakes Field to establish new air bases . The Pleasantville Company was responsible for the construction . As a result of the expansion, three hundred jobs became available to Bahamians and Americans who were hired to work on this project . However the Americans were paid more than the Bahamian workers even though they performed the same work . Discontent arose among the Bahamian workers and resulted in a riot, and Bahamians also thought this was because racial discrimination because the Americans were white . Hundreds of workers left their jobs at the Oakes Field Airport and marched onto Bay Street . On Monday morning June 1st , hundreds of workers, who carried machetes, sticks or clubs marched into town and gathered in the vicinity of the public buildings which rioting and looting took place where five persons died and many were wounded . The rioters were addressed by few officials who urged peaceful demonstrations . In the main time, however other demonstrations were surging up Bay Street from the West, smashing windows and looting shops . Fire was set to a shop on Bay Street, which had threatened the entire district . Police Officers made an attempt to restore order . The Riot Act was read and a curfew was strictly enforced that same day prohibiting anyone who isn’t a member of arm forces or police from being outdoors between 8pm and 6am . On June 8th the curfew was revoked . Another reason for the riot taken place was economic depression . Bahamians were poorly represented in Parliament which at the time highlighted racial discrimination . As a result of the riot, the governor announced that the wage of the unskilled workers would be raised from 4 shillings to 5 shillings a day . In addition there was a free meal provided . Reforms were seen as a necessity in the field of taxation of representation . There was a need for modern labor legislation to be impacted in the field of trade unionism and workers compensation . It is interesting to note that Randol Fawkes was known as the father of labor . b) What factors contributed to the social unrest of the 1930’s and the 1940’s? Their is a history of Trade Unions Movement in The Bahamas during the 1930’s and the 1940’s . It is closely associated with the struggle for social and economic justice for the people of The Bahamas . Before independence in 1973 The Bahamas was controlled by the colony of Great Britain an even though Trade Unions were operating in Britain at the time, the Trade Unions that were in existence in The Bahamas before 1943 were operating illegally . The earliest attempt to form a Trade Union in The Bahamas was recorded in 1866 when employees of The Morton Salt Company in Inagua formed the Salt Workers Union . This union soon became an in-house union and because of the small size of the operation of the company was dissolved . There were two other unsuccessful attempts to form unions here in The Bahamas . In 1935 the Associated Bahamas Car Owners and Taxi Cab Drivers Union was formed . The Modern Trade Union movement in The Bahamas began early in the 1930’s with the formation of the Taxi Cab Union . Trade Unions have played a balance role in the development of the country . The first benefits of Workers in The Bahamas began with the riots of 1942 (Black Tuesday) . Also there was no form of Bahamian government to represent the people of the nation . Question 2 What effects did the social unrest of the 1930’s and the 1940’s have on the development of trade unions and political parties in the Commonwealth of The Bahamas? Using Source B, â€Å"As a consequence of the riot, the first awakenings of a new political awareness began to be felt in the hearts of black people, time and remarkable foresight, courage and initiative of a few dedicated members of that majority were all that were required to crystallize this awareness into a mighty political force.† Prior to 1953, there were no political parties in The Bahamas . The Bahamas was governed by a small group of merchants known as the Bay Street Boys . The Bahamas was not represented equally until they organized a political party, forcing the proprietary to do the same . In October 1953 when the Progressive Liberal Party was formed by Black Bahamians . The Progressive Liberal Party was established by William W. Cartwright . The Progressive Liberal Party fought against racial discrimination, also being able to allow women to vote . In 1956 anti-discrimination resolution was introduced in the House of Assembly and was easily passed opening restaurants, hotels and the theatres to those who were once not allowed because of their skin color . Another effect was in the growth and development of the Trade Union Movements occurred in January 1958, and was known as the General Strike of 1958 . The strike is known to be one of the three significant events that heralded the Labor Movement and solidified its place in history as the catalyst for social economic justice for the Bahamian workers. The primary dispute of the General Strike was between the Government and the Taxi Cab Union . It began on November 1st, 1957 as a result of the Government granting contracts to white tour companies and because of this the Taxi Cab Union was informed that their services were no longer needed . Under the leadership of Sir Clifford Darling and others, the Taxi Cab Union blocked all traffic to and from Nassau International Airport and the Commissioner and his policemen could not do anything about this situation . After several weeks of negotiation an no agreement or settlement was taken place, the Taxi Cab Union called on The Bahamas Federation of Labor led by Sir Randol Fawkes and asked for assistance . The strike was around tourist season . Sir Randol Fawkes responded that a General Strike should be called, not only for the Taxi Cab Union but also to dramatize the fight for all Bahamians for greater dignity and self-respect on the jobsite through decent wages and better working conditions . There was no violence carried out by the striking workers and leaded Bay Street businesses . On 29th January, 1958, His Excellency Sir Raynor Arthur brought representatives of the Taxi Cab Union and the Tour Companies together at a conference where they signed a detailed agreement providing equal division of transportation to an from the airport . Mr. Randol Fawkes was elected to the House of Assembly in 1956 and was the only member of the Labor Party in Parliament . Due to the 1958 strike the pressure was put on by the opposition and the Government of The Bahamas called an election in 1962 . When the opposition could not correct the faults because of the United Bahamian Party’s control in Parliament, the Labor Movement and the opposition went to the International Community . The corrupt charges brought against the United Bahamian Party involved the Casino Industry which suddenly got an reaction from many persons around the World. During election in 1967, and because the Labor Party made sure the word of corruption in Government was spread this made them play a major role . In the 1967 elections there were four candidates from the Labor Party but only Randol Fawkes was successful . There were only 38 seats in the House of Assembly, and the United Bahamian Party and the Progressive Liberal Party 18 seats so because of this the each representative had to make a decision to join together . Randol Fawkes paved the way for Black Majority Rule in The Bahamas . Under the Progressive Liberal Party Government, Sir Randol Fawkes became the first Minister of Labor and embarked on a mission to adopt new Labor legislation that would change the scope of The Bahamas for many years . However, in 1967 the Trade Union Movement was the major factor in the Progressive Liberal Party becoming Government of The Bahamas as a result causing Majority Rule in the Country . Since 1967, the Trade Union Movement has been able to have a powerful effect in the election of both the Progressive Liberal Party and the Free National Movement Government . There are four major events in the history of The Bahamas that mean something to the critical role to the Trade Union Movement played in the growth and development of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas . Also the Trade Union Movement played a significant role in the fight for independence of The Bahamas . Sir Randol Fawkes, who was the member of Parliament and leader of the Bahamas Federation of Labor made the first move in trying to put in place the lead to independence . On September 10th, 1966 Sir Randol Fawkes made a motion on the floor of House of Assembly for a select committee to invite the Government of The United Kingdom to convene a Constitutional Conference to establish the guidelines for the independence of The Bahamas . A wise person once said, â€Å"The Labor Movement is the bedrock of the Bahamian economy. If there are no workers in the hotels, no teachers in schools, no nurses in the hospitals, no workers in civil service and corporations, the country would come to a stand still.† Question 3 You are a member of the Taxi Cab Union during the General Strike of 1958. Give an account of your experiences during the strike. When the Nassau International Airport had opened, we thought this meant better days to come . Being apart of the Taxi Cab Union our hopes were high because this meant more tourist coming to Nassau, New Providence where this meant we would be able to provide for our families and still could buy a nice watch from the money left, well we thought wrong! It all started in 1957 when the Government had granted the white tour companies the exclusive right to operate transportation services between the Nassau International Airport and the city . Therefore we, the taxi cab drivers were not needed . The Taxi Cab Union officers thought this may cost their company to be out of business . It also threatened our lively hood, wondering how would be able to provide for our families . When my wife heard about this she asked what will I do because there wasn’t any money coming in . I told her I really loved my job, so others and I would push the issue . Our leader of the Taxi Cab Union, Sir Clifford Darling told us, the taxi cab drivers to block all traffic to and from the Nassau International Airport and he took the keys for the taxi’s so we wouldn’t be able to move the vehicles when asked to do so . No one could of control this situation . After several weeks of negotiations that failed the matter erupted again in January 1958 . This came to the height of the tourist season . The officers of the Taxi Cab Union called on Sir Randol Fawkes who led the Bahamas Federation of Labor and asked him to help us with the situation . He responded and said that we should held a â€Å"General Strike† with other Bahamian workers who were treated unfair on their jobsites, fighting for self-respect, decent wages and better working conditions . I couldn’t believe the amount of Bahamian workers who not only supported the Taxi Cab Union but other workers and themselves . There was both men and women up and down the West and East of Bay Street . I also remembered British Troops were sent to try get control of the situation but was unsuccessful . At the end of the month of January the Governor brought one of the Tour Company representatives and one of the Taxi Cab Union representatives together to make a deal for equal division of transportation of tourists to and from the Nassau International Airport . Order and peace was brought back at the airport and everyone had a fair chance even the other Bahamian workers, which was a success by getting wage incensement and fair treatment . Question 4 Study ALL the sources . â€Å"The 1942 riot was ultimately responsible for the political changes that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s . Do these sources prove this view to be true? Explain your answer fully . Yes the 1942 riot was ultimately responsible for the political changes that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s, but only Sources A, B, and D I find to be true . Source A says that, â€Å"The 1942 riot in Nassau was a short-lived spontaneous outburst by a group of disgruntled laborers, and occurred against a background of narrow socio-economic and political parties .† This statement I find to be true because the Burma Road Riot occurred because of unhappy workers who were obviously treated unfairly, different from the White American workers, the Black Bahamian men were payed less than the white workers . Therefore I feel as if it was racial discrimination taken place . About 16 years later there was a General Strike in 1958, where unions were unpleased and because of this these events played a major role in society . They decided someone had to stand out for Bahamian rights . This is where political parties came into place to represent Black Bahamians and not only the workers . The first political party formed in The Bahamas was in October 1953 known as the Progressive Liberal Party, which can be understood in Source B where it is stated that, â€Å"As a consequence of the riot, the first awakenings of a new political awareness began to be felt in the hearts of black people, time and the remarkable foresight, courage and initiative of a few dedicated members of that majority were all that to crystallize this awareness into a mighty political force . Someone had opened there eyes and see that the Bahamians were facing major problems not amongst each other but amongst the people they worked around and worked for . They needed to be defended and one person couldn’t have done it alone, so brave men who were dedicated to their country and own people came together and formed something that I won’t call a political party but of leading fathers of our nation who made it better for not only their generation but for future generations . Some like Sir Randol Fawkes, Sir Lynden O. Pindling, Arthur Hanna, Sir Milo Butler, Curtis McMillan, Clarence A. Bain, Sir Clement Maynard, Sir Cecil Wallace Whitfield, Carlton Francis, Sir Alvin Braynen, Warren Levarity and Geoffrey Thompson . However Source D I also find to be true because after the riot and the strike there was an improvement of the Government, where they stood up for all Bahamians and Sir Lynden O. Pindling stated and I quote, â€Å"When the great heroes of our struggle stood on Burma Road, he intoned, they did not stand alone . When they stood in the General Strike against the property vote they did not stand alone .† Therefore he was right because a political party stepped in and defended the rights of the Bahamian labor unions, where this was a great achievement because if a political party hadn’t stepped in The Bahamas would of probably be the same before the year of 1942, where we would’ve got treated unfairly . Conclusion This coursework have open my eyes, to see that Bahamians fought for their rights and the great people who did it from the Progressive Liberal Party, the Taxi Cab Union, the Bahamas Federation of Labor and the Labor Party . Also this helped me to read and understand . Understanding the history of The Bahamas and what great deed those legends did for The Bahamas . Which they made it better not only for their generation but for my generation and generations to come . If it wasn’t for Black Bahamians fighting for their rights, Black Bahamians would’ve of probably still be treated unfairly, some may have live in poverty, lack of non-racial government and no independence from England . This coursework has helped me a lot to understand history and its meanings .

Is411 Study Guide

Study Guide IS 411 Security Policies and Implementation Issues A perfect policy will not prevent all threats. Key to determining if a business will implement any policy is cost. Policies support the risk assessment to reduce the cost by providing controls and procedures to manage the risk. A good policy includes support for incident handling. Pg 15 Policy may add complexity to a job but that is not important. Unmanageable complexity refers to how complex and realistic the project is. The ability of the organization to support the security policies will be an important topic.Pg 105 Who should review changes to a business process? Policy change control board, minimally you should include people from information security, compliance, audit, HR, leadership from other business units, and Project Managers (PMs). Pg 172 ————————————————- Policy – a document that states how the organization is to perform and conduct business functions and transactions with a desired outcome. Policy is based on a business requirement (such as legal or organizational) ————————————————- ———————————————— Standard – an established and proven norm or method, which can be a procedural standard or a technical standard implemented organization-wide ————————————————- ————————————————- Procedure – a written statement describing the steps required to implement a process. Procedures are technical steps taken to achieve policy go als (how-to document) ————————————————- ————————————————-Guideline – a parameter within which a policy, standard, or procedure is suggested but optionalpg 11-13 Resiliency is a term used in IT to indicate how quickly the IT infrastructure can recover. Pg 279. The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is the measurement of how quickly individual business processes can be recovered. Recovery Point Objectives (RPOs) is the maximum acceptable level of data loss from the point of the disaster. The RTO and RPO may not be the same value. Pg 287 Policies are the key to repeatable behavior.To achieve repeatable behavior you just measure both consistency and quality. Oversight phases to operational consistency: * Monitor * Measure * Review * Track * Improve pg 40 Find ways to mitigate risk through reward. Reward refers to how management reinforces the value of following policies. An organization should put in place both disciplinary actions for not following policies and recognition for adhering to policies. This could be as simple as noting the level of compliance to policies in the employee’s annual review. Pg 78 Domain | Key policies and controls|User | Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)E-mail policyPrivacy policy – covers physical securitySystem access policy – IDs & passwordsAuthorization – Role Base Access Control (RBAC)Authentication – most important| Workstation| Microsoft system center configuration manager: * Inventory – tracks LAN connections * Discovery – detects software and info installed for compliance * Patch – current patches installed * Help desk – remote access to diagnose, reconfigure, reset IDs * Log – extracts logs to central repository * Security – ensures use rs have limited rights, alerts added administer accounts| LAN| Hub – connects multiple devicesSwitch – can filter trafficRouter – connects LANs or LAN-WANFirewall – filters traffic in and out of LAN, commonly used to filter traffic from public internet WAN to private LANFlat network – has little or no control to limit network trafficSegmented – limits what and how computers are able to talk to each other by using switches, routers, firewalls, etc. | LAN-WAN| Generally, routers and firewalls are used to connect LAN-WAN. Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) provide a public-facing access to the organization, such as public websites. DMZ sits between two layers of firewalls to limit traffic between LAN-WAN| WAN| Unsecure public Internet. Virtual Private Network (VPN) secure and private encrypted tunnel. Firewalls have capability to create and maintain a VPN tunnel.Lower cost, save time for small to medium companies with VPN instead of leased line| Remote A ccess| Enhanced user domainRemote authentication – two factor * Something you know (id/password) * Something you have (secure token) * Something you are (biometric)VPN client communicates with VPN hardware for tunneling, client-to-site VPN:Maintains authentication, confidentiality, integrity and nonrepudiation. | System/Application| Application software is the heart of all business applications. Application transmits the transaction to server. Data Loss Protection (DLP) or Data Leakage Protection (DLP) refers to a program that reduces the likelihood of accidental or malicious loss of data. DLP involves inventory, perimeter (protected at endpoints) and encryption of mobile devices. Pg 67|Motivation – pride (work is important), self-interest (repeat behavior rewarded, most important pg 326), and success (winning, ethical, soft skills). Pg 91 Executive management support is critical in overcoming hindrances. A lack of support makes implementing security policies impossibl e. Listen to executive needs and address in policy. Pg 341 Security policies let your organization set rules to reduce risk to information assets. Pg 22. Three most common security controls are: * Physical – prevent access to device * Administrative – procedural control such as security awareness training * Technical – software such as antivirus, firewalls, and hardware pg 27Information System Security (ISS) is the act of protecting information and the systems that store and process it. Information Assurance (IA) focuses on protecting information during process and use. Security tenets known as the five pillars of the IA model: * Confidentiality * Integrity * Availability * Authentication * Nonrepudiation Policy must be clearly written. Unclear purpose refers to the clarity of value a project brings. In the case of security policies, it’s important to demonstrate how these policies will reduce risk. It’s equally important to demonstrate how the pol icies were derived in a way that keep the business cost and impact low. Pg 104 ———————————————— Head of information management is the single point of contact responsible for data quality within the enterprise. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data stewards are individuals responsible for data quality with a business unit. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data administrators execute policies and procedures such as backup, versio ning, up/down loading, and database administration. ————————————————- ————————————————-Data security administrators grant access rights and assess threats in IA programs. Pg 188 ————————————————- ————————————————- Information security officer identifies, develops and implements security policies. ————————————————- ———————————————à ¢â‚¬â€- Data owners approves access rights to information. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data manager responsible for procedures how data should be handled and classified. ————————————————- ————————————————-Data custodian individual responsible for day-to-day maintenance, grant access based on data owner, backups, and recover, maintain data center and applications. ————————————————- —————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Data user end user of an application. ————————————————- ————————————————- Auditor are inter or external individual who assess the design and effectiveness of security policies. Pg 115 Separation of duty principle – responsibilities and privileges should be divided to prevent a person or a small group of collaborating people from inappropriately controlling multiple key aspects of a process and causing harm or loss. Pg 156Internal control principle – information security forms the core of an organization’s information internal control systems. Regulations mandate that internal control systems be in place and operating correctly. Organizations rely on technolo gy to maintain business records. It’s essential that such technology include internal control mechanisms. These maintain the integrity of the information and represent a true picture of the organization’s activities. Pg 155 Lines of defense in the service sector: 1. Business Unit (BU) deals with controlling risk daily, mitigate risk when possible. Develops long and short-term strategies, directly accountable. 2. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) program, team owns the risk process.Provides guidance to BU, aligns policies with company goals, oversight of risk committees and risk initiatives. 3. Independent auditor assures board and executive management the risk function is designed and working well. Pg 192 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects a person’s privacy. HIPAA defines someone’s health record as protected health information (PHI). HIPAA establishes how PHI can be collected, processed and disclosed and provides penaltie s for violations. Health care clearinghouses process and facilitate billing. Pg 50 Executive management is ultimately responsible for ensuring that data is protected.Information systems security organization enforces security policies at a program level. The team is accountable for identifying violations of policies. The front-line manager/supervisor enforces security policies at an employee level. Employees are responsible for understanding their roles and the security policies. They are accountable for following those policies. Employees can still be held liable for violations of the law. Employees can be prosecuted for illegal acts. Sampling of key roles to enforce security policies: * General counsel- enforces legal binding agreements * Executive management- implements enterprise risk management * Human resources- enforces disciplinary actions Information systems security organization- enforces polices at program level * Front-line manager/supervisor- enforces policies at employ ee level pg 366 A Privileged-level Access Agreement (PAA) is designed to heighten the awareness and accountability of those users who have administrative rights. Security Awareness Policy (SAP) laws can outline the frequency and target audience. Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) defines the intended uses of computer and networks. A good AUP should accompany security awareness training. Pg 220 Auditors are feared Contractors comply with the same security policies as any other employee (such as an AUP). There may be additional policy requirements on a contractor such as special non-disclosure agreement and deeper background checks. Pg 215Data Class| Class Description| Recovery Period| Examples| Critical| Data must be recovered immediately| 30 minutes| Website, customer records| Urgent| Data can be recovered later| 48 hrs| e-mail backups| Non-vital| Not vital for daily operations| 30 days| Historical records, archives pg 263| U. S. military classification – nation security information document EO 12356. * Top secret – grave damage to national security * Secret – serious damage to NS * Confidential – cause damage to NS * Sensitive but classified – confidential data under freedom of information act * Unclassified – available to the public A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) policy creates a plan to continue business after a disaster. Elements include key assumptions, accountabilities, frequency of testing and part includes BIA.Business Impact Analysis (BIA) purpose is to determine the impact to an organization in the event that key processes and technology are not available. Assets include critical resources, systems, facilities, personnel, and records. Pg 278 Desired results of the BIA include: * A list of critical processes and dependencies * A work flow of processes that include human req to recover key assets * Analysis of legal and regulatory requirements * A list of critical vendors and support agreements * An estimate of the maximum allowable downtime pg 286 Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) is the policies and documentation needed for an organization to recover its IT assets after a disaster (part of BCP). Pg 288Governance – requires a strong governance structure in place. This includes formal reporting to the board of directors. Most boards receive formal GLBA reporting through the audit committee. The head of information security usually writes this report each quarter. Pg 51 An Incident Response Team (IRT) is specialized group of people whose purpose is to respond to major incidents. The IRT is typically a cross-functional (different skills) team. Pg 297. Common IRT members include: * Information technology SMEs * Information security representative * HR * Legal * PR * Business continuity representative * Data owner * Management * Emergency services (normally outside agency i. e. olice) pg 302 Visa requires its merchants to report security incidents involving cardholder data. Visa classifies incid ents into the following categories: * Malicious code attacks * Denial of service (DOS) * Unauthorized access/theft * Network reconnaissance probe pg 299 Declare an incident, develop a response/procedure to control the incident. Before a response can be formulated, a discussion needs to be made. This involves whether to immediately pursue the attacker or protect the organization. Having a protocol in advance with management can establish priorities and expedite a decision. It is important to have a set of responses prepared in advance.Allowing the attacker to continue provides evidence on the attack. The most common response is to stop the attack as quickly as possible. Pg 309 How do you collect data? A trained specialist collects the information. A chain of custody is established and documented. Digital evidence, take a bit image of machines and calculate a hash value. The hash value is essentially a fingerprint of the image. IRT coordinator maintains evidence log and only copies ar e logged out for review. Pg 311 Why do policies fail? Without cohesive support from all levels of the organization, acceptance and enforcement will fail. Pg 19 Which law allows companies to monitor employees?The Electronic Communication Privacy Act (ECPA) gives employers the right to monitor employees in the ordinary course of business. Pg 356 Policy enforcement can be accomplished through automation or manual controls. Automated controls are cost efficient for large volumes of work that need to be performed consistently. A short list of several common automated controls: * Authentication methods * Authorization methods * Data encryption * Logging events * Data segmentation * Network segmentation pg 361 Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) is a free download that can query systems for common vulnerabilities. It starts by downloading an up to date XML file. This file includes known vulnerabilities and release patches. Pg 378Business Continuity Plan (BCP) sustain business durin g disaster Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) support strategic functions during disaster Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) plan to recover facility at alternate site during disaster Business Recovery Plan (BRP) recover operation immediately following disaster Occupant Emergency Plan (OEP) plan to minimize loss of life or injury and protect property from physical threat pg 292 Extra notes: There are two types of SAS 70 audits: * Type 1 – is basically a design review of controls. * Type II – includes type 1 and the controls are tested to see if they work. Pg 61 Governance, Risk management, and Compliance (GRC) and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) both to control risk. ERM takes a broad look at risk, while GRC is technology focused.GRC top three best frameworks are ISO 27000 series, COBIT, COSO. Pg 197 Incident severity classification: * Severity 4 – small number of system probes or scans detected. An isolated instance of a virus. Event handled by automated controls. No unauthorized activity detected. * Severity 3 – significant probes or scans. Widespread virus activity. Event requires manual intervention. No unauthorized activity detected. * Severity 2 – DOS detected with limited impact. automated controls failed to prevent event. No unauthorized activity detected. * Severity 1 – successful penetration or DOS attack with significant disruption. Or unauthorized activity detected.Pg 308 To measure the effectiveness include IRT charter goals and analytics. Metrics are: * Number of incidents * Number of repeat incidents (signifies lack of training) * Time to contain per incident (every incident is diff, least important) * Financial impact to the organization (most important to management) Glossary terms Bolt-on refers to adding information security as a distinct layer of control after the fact. Business Impact Analysis (BIA) a formal analysis to determine the impact in the event key processes and technology are not available. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) focuses on financial and risk management.Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) framework that brings together business and control requirements with technical issues. Detective control is a manual control that identifies a behavior after it has happened. Federal Desktop Core Configuration (FDCC) a standard image mandated in any federal agency. Image locks down the operating system with specific security settings. Firecall-ID a process granting elevated rights temporarily to resolve a problem. Flat network has little or no controls to limit network traffic. Information Technology and Infrastructure Library a framework that contains comprehensive list of concepts, practices and processes for managing IT services. IRT coordinator documents all activities during an incident, official scribe.IRT manager makes all the final calls on how to respond, interface with management. Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA) also known as a confidentiality agreement. Octave is an acronym for Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation. ISS framework consisting of tools, techniques, and methods. Pretexting is when a hacker outlines a story in which the employee is asked to reveal information that weakens the security. Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) NIST spec for how security software products measure, evaluate and report compliance. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system hardware and software that collects critical data to keep a facility operating.

Caffein Blues

Despite the short encounter between coffee and North American culture, coffee has gained popularity and gained worldwide reputation. It is not difficult to find a group of people drinking 'Latte Coffee' while reading a morning newspaper, or a group of business executives drinking 'dark barbecue'. On campus, students hold textbooks on the one hand and Mocha on the other hand. According to Starbucks, net profit in October 2005 alone reached $ 550 million (Starbucks). The origin of caffeine is unknown. However, Caffein Bruce: talks about the hidden dangers of waking up the first medicine in the United States, Steven Chernike, M. S, the story, and traces its discoveries to the house of Ethiopian ranch. Apparently, the shepherd is looking at a bird that eats the fruits of a wild evergreen shrub. To my surprise, these animals began to jump suddenly unexpectedly. Then he tried some fruits and began to jump immediately (13-14). They called it a coffee factory and became an Arab monk in the 1 3th century. Then they discovered that the beans of this plant can become drinks, so ... to make coffee. Finally, there is no longer any falling asleep when praying (Cherniske 14) American coffee addicts are more likely than any other type of drug addicts. In his book Caffeine Blues, Stephen Cherniske pointed out cocaine, heroin, even even marijuana. The main substance is caffeine. Does anyone know how much caffeine is contained in 6 ounce coffee? There are 100 mg. 1 cup of coffee or 6 oz of caffeine. People who care may think like this, 100 mg takes 6 hours. Looping away from the system. Starbucks' small coffee and tall coffee is 12 oz. It is caffeine 200 mg. If you are drinking Starbucks at 3 pm and then after 9 pm, you will still have about 100 mg in your system. You may still fall asleep, but your body will be deprived of the benefit of a deep sleep. People who care, I can still sleep 8 hours a day, you have to think again. That's why the next day you feel bad, you need to compe nsate for your system with caffeine. Caffeine Caffeine is a stimulant that can ruin our ability to fall asleep. Just because I think that it does not mean that it does not affect your body. If you want to drink coffee it is best to do so early in the day to allow caffeine to wear out. Please set a deadline for 2 PM for yourself. Electronic Devices Artificial light may interfere with sleeping, so you may stay up late at night by phone, laptop computer or television. It is best to keep these devices away from the bed or separate rooms so that your bedroom will be a place to sleep rather than surfing the internet.

Cell Phones Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cell Phones - Research Paper Example The main reasons for this monumental change over such a short, time are the abilities that science and technology has conferred to modern phones, particularly mobile devices. Today, a phone has acquired such a wide variety of uses that a phone without the ability to call, while it would be dysfunctional, would still be a viable communication device. On the other hand, a 1990s phone would be useless if one could not make or receive calls on it. While the early phones were expensive gadgets and the reserve for the rich and educated, today they can be owned by almost anyone and one needs only the most basic education to use a phone. Mobile phone companies are competing to see whose device can hold and use the most applications and offer the best services other than calling. One can use their mobile phone to browse the internet, and as such access pertinent information from virtually anywhere in the world, provided they have a good signal. As a result, millions of people many of them you ths spend hundreds of hours every week using their phones on nonverbal interaction and social networking, indeed, the time spent making phone calls pales in comparison to the time spent on Facebook, tweeter, instant messaging or in related activities. Many mobile phones offer the user a capacity to do any of these activities especially the smart phones, described as â€Å"clever gadgets,† which are more than just phones, (McKendrick, 2011). This is because of their many features that transcend what ordinary mobile phones can do including a variety of user friendly applications that allow users to carry out a range of tasks such as; reading EBooks, teleconferencing, reading, and creating emails. Mobile phones can also be used in time of emergencies; to call for help, or look for directions when one is lost because some of them have gotten applications like Google maps, which enable users to look for direction, and pinpoint their current location. Furthermore, mobile companies use the technology to help the police trace lost people or criminals by tracing their signals. Indeed a lost person can be traced even if their phone is switched off (Siegel, 2008). Other security futures include sending distress messages without having to make a phone call, for instance with some Samsung phones one only need to press the volume key thrice, and a discrete text is sent to a pre-determined number notifying the recipient that the sender is in danger. Mobile devices are also used as/alongside baby monitors, using certain IPhones applications parents use their Smartphone to keep an â€Å"eye† on their infants. For instance, one can use an application that automatically sends a message to their phone whenever the child makes noise or cries (Associated Press, 2009). A more rudimentary albeit expensive tactic, which can be used, is to leave one phone in the baby crib with an active connection to another phone, possibly with a headpiece so one can listen to the baby w ithout being present. Mobiles phones today have an immense entertainment role and are competing with mainstream media such as Television and radios. Several phone types allow one to listen to radio and watch television on the move. Teens and young adults (13-24) are the leading users of mobile devices for these functions (chiff.com

What's good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What's good - Essay Example These were the years of violation and neglect. Martin Luther states that everyone has to gain the rightful place in the world of God. He calls people to stay together, to unite and fight the injustice of the surrounding world. The reaction of the audience (the numerous ovations) persuades us that that the speech of Martin Luther gained great success and appreciation. Among the list of speeches, there was also one, which was worse than all the other ones. It was the discourse of Malcolm X about the rights of voting and black nationalism. Unlike Martin Luther he does not connect his religious views with the political events so tightly. However, he uses the same methods to attract the attention of the auditory. For example, the constant rise and fall of the intonation. The negative side is that he uses the complex sentences, which are sometimes meaningless. Anyway, he presents the strong arguments in order to support his position. He unites people by the definition â€Å"black community† and states that they need to understand its political ideas. Though Malcolm X definitely attracted the attention of the audience, his speech needs correction. In conclusion it is important to state that political speeches are used in order to influence the cognition of the population. The science of their creation requires great experience and pure vision of the world situation and moods of the

Controversial issues in education Literature review

Controversial issues in education - Literature review Example This group thinks that spiritual and ethical teachings play a significant role in schooling as it is contributing to the behavior of students in a positive way. The prayers and belief can help them in different stages of lives and therefore there is a need of religious motivation in our students. The other group of people who are not supporting prayers in schools think that organizing prayers that are against the children’s religious belief and can create confusion in the children’s mind about their religious beliefs, and therefore to avoid such matters prayers should be kept away from the public schools. According to a law in US, organizing prayers in school is considered illegal. Another controversial issue is whether sexual education should be a part of educational curriculum or not. This is the most challenging issue faced by different educational institutions around the globe. I think that the children should be given proper sexual education by their schools so that they can make accountable and decent decisions. However some people think that this knowledge should be provided by their parents, but in most cases parents are not comfortable while sharing this information with their children. By providing the children with sexual information they can deal with the stresses related to different sexual activities and can make responsible decisions. Therefore sexual education is made a necessary part of our education system to avoid young pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (Curtis, 2008). Another important issue related to education is whether uniform should be mandatory in schools. According to a research, uniforms should be mandatory for all the students as it represents the school’s image and esteem. The school uniform eliminates the gap between financially advantaged and disadvantaged students and it has been reported that 65% students

Factors impacting todays health care Personal Statement

Factors impacting todays health care - Personal Statement Example It is directly proportional to the CMS regulations of the Federal and state government. This affects the healthcare system because these individuals also tend not to get the preventive care needed to stay healthy. When they come into a medical facility and are sick , sometimes that acuity is increased because of the lack of preventative care. Staff reduction and nursing shortage simply add fuel to the fire as they are the backbone of the healthcare. Amidst this turbulent healthcare system there is some significance that has mushroomed. The Ehealth, expensive prescription drugs, dearth of Nurses have all accounted to a rickety health care environment. But the million dollar question is "Are people ignorant about healthcare insurance"' The answer is some people sacrifice their heatlh for materialistic fancy goods ignoring the fact "Health is wealth". The hospitals are also struggling to balance the disparity between the young and old nurses. But the system needs reformation as people c astigate the government for not managing the economy and government retaliates by increasing the taxes. This is probably not a solution for having better healthcare environment.

Financial Accounting questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Financial Accounting questions - Essay Example ----- 36 Consolidated Balance Sheet on 1.1.2001 (after acquisition)Blue Verta Group Note Assets: Property, plant & Eq. 150 120 270 Current assets 108 105 213 Goodwill 66 - 66 1 Investment in Verta 210 - - Total 549 Capital and Liabilities Equity Capital of Blue 300 120 300 Retained earnings of Blue 78 60 78 Current Liabilities (90 +45) 90 45 135 Minority interests - 36 2Total 549 Solutions to problems of Consolidation of Accounts Question 5 1. Computation of goodwill: Note 1: Blue's investments in Verta Co 90 Less: 60%... Scenario 3:H owes 60% of voting rights of S which, in turn owns 20% of voting shares of S1. Hence, effectively, H owns 60% of 20% ie 12 % of the voting rights in S1 through indirect holdings. He also owns 20% directly. In Toto, his voting shares are 12 + 20 = 32 % of the total voting shares in S1. It may be said that, barring other circumstances, H cannot exercise majority holdings in S1 in none of the three scenarios mentioned above, since his holdings are not above 50% of the total voting shares. The consolidation of accounts arises in the context of holding companies and its subsidiary companies, including acquired holdings and acquisitions of companies by the parent or holding company. The acquired subsidiaries may be independent units having separate product lines and profit centers for the purpose of management accounting and presentation of company accounts. However, since aspects like inter company sales, dividends and profit allocations become necessary, it becomes necessary for the accounts of the subsidiaries to be merged, or consolidated with that of the holding companies in order to present a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group on the Balance Sheet date. The reason for consolidation arises because non routine transactions between the holding Company and its acquired subsidiaries need to be smoothened out for stock transfer implications, dividen

Ontario and Forest Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ontario and Forest Sustainability - Essay Example Although Canada is often deemed, from a romantic point of view, as a source of endless beauty and natural resources, this is simply not the case. There are limits. The Ontario forests are owned primarily by the province of Ontario, under the auspices of the "Crown Forest", and represent more than ninety percent of all forested land in the province; of these forested lands, slightly more than thirty percent have been allocated for productive uses. These productive uses include the cutting down of timber, tourism, and a variety of other uses. Because these forested lands provide different benefits to different groups, both aesthetic and economic, philosophical conflicts are inevitable. The provincial Ministry of Natural Resources of Ontario asserts that it is doing everything possible to sustain the forested lands; and, yet, there are those that counter that more needs to be done given certain data suggesting that sustainability problems have occurred and continue to emerge. The questi on presented, in short, is whether Ontario is doing enough, both in terms of policy formulation and implementation, in order to truly ensure sustainability. I am of the view that, while Ontario's actions seem superficially comprehensive and cohesive, the fact is that there remain very real problems regarding the forests and related industry. How might Ontario better approach this issue of sustainability I will attempt to provide some answers by discussing the goals and types of sustainability, some of the policies and programs adopted in Ontario, and the ultimate reality on the ground. Sustainable Development Defined As a preliminary matter, it is important to define what is meant by the term, sustainable development. The most widely accepted definition has been attributed to the Bruntland Commission which stated that sustainable development is that type of development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."1 This implies a policy model that emphasizes regeneration; more specifically, sustainable development demands that our actions today do not disadvantage people in the future. The difficulty is that sustainability must account for several sub-types of sustainability; these sub-types include environmental sustainability, political sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability. One can easily imagine the conflicts which arise when one group tends to emphasize environmental sustainability, for instance, and another group chooses instead to emphasize political sustainability given certain economic p ressures and rewards. These competing points of view have been stated as philosophies or ideologies governing how policy should be inspired and designed. The ecocentric school of thought treats everything as an interrelated living whole and posits that all policy decisions must account for all types of sustainability2; the anthropocentric approach, on the other hand, holds that the well-being of human beings must transcend all other concerns.3 Many critics have argued that the anthropocentric approach has resulted in legislation and policies which have exacerbated rather than minimized certain sustainability concerns. An

What is the Investment case for floating of offshore wind turbines Essay

What is the Investment case for floating of offshore wind turbines - Essay Example Future climate alteration and connected effects will change from place to place all over the world, according to the IPCC report. The impacts of a growth in worldwide temperature comprise of an increase in the levels of sea and a variation in the quantity and pattern of precipitation, as well as a possible growth of subtropical deserts..One among the many proposed policy responses to global warming is the investment of offshore wind power, according to the 2013 Report of the European Wind Energy Association. Compared to the environmental effects of conventional energy sources, the environmental wind power effect is minor, a bit high than the environmental effect of hydro-water on a life-cycle basis. Different from electricity resulting from fossil fuels and nuclear power firms, wind power consumes no fuel and, emits no air pollution in operation. What is the Role of Fukushima Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Generating power? The Fukushima event played a significant role in this techno logy of floating offshore by setting up a sub-station, which was the only one of that type in operation. A development to tap the wind power about 20 kilometer off the coast of Fukushima, the region where the March 2011 nuclear disaster took place, started producing power based on operation, according to the report published on Bloomberg.com(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2013-11-11/fukushima-floating-offshore-wind-turbine-starts-generating-power.html) The project that was funded by the government is a sign of Japans interest to develop the technology which has not yet been proved for floating the wind powers off the coast and its aim to change quake-ravaged Fukushima into an outstanding centre for energy production.†Fukushima is gaining ground in...Offshore wind ability is growing fast, from 4 GW (gigawatts) in 2011 to 175 GW by 2035, its development being underpinned by administration support," according to the International Energy Agency's 2012 World Energy Outlook rep ort (pages 226-227). This leads us to the question; what is the Investment case for floating of offshore wind turbines and for onshore wind turbines? Introduction This paper is meant to investigate the investment case for floating offshore wind turbines and for onshore wind turbines. Throughout the paper I will discuss various modes of offshore and onshore wind technology and how various nations across the globe have adapted that source of energy .Also throughout the paper I will discuss the various companies in the business of production of wind turbines and their rate of investment in the technology. What is driving the development and deployment of the technology? Global warming is the increase rise in the regular temperature of Earth's ambiance and oceans ever since the late 19th century and its predictable continuance. The Bloomberg report helps explain that a traditional floating offshore wind turbine tower that is constructed upward from the seafloor results to be too expensive to install in waters deeper than 50 meters, and this is a big issue for Japan since a continental shelf varying from 50 to 200 meters deep surrounds its coast.

T-Mobile Corporation Essay Example for Free

T-Mobile Corporation Essay T- Mobile is the German mobile network operator whereas â€Å"T† stands for Telecom and Team and is world’s sixth largest mobile phone service provider. It provides range of services to customer in form of voicemail, messaging and email to WAP and mobile office solutions. Despite its success, it is related to several major problems and issues, and most of them are related to network problems. Problems and issues related to T-Mobile: The major complaint of the user is that they are facing the problem of dropped calls. T-Mobile is aware of this problem and is not responding in proper way towards the problem. They are even unable to solve the problem in spite of knowing the fact that customers are facing problem. The customer representative does not want to note the complaint even when he is aware that company is doing mistake. In addition, it has shortest average tenure as compared to other service provider. The option to switch to other brands in front of consumers has increased manifolds in the recent years, which is the greatest problem. T-Mobile received highest rank from their subscribers in customer service but in recent years, it is providing weak customer service. In a very famous incident or case of Paris Hilton, it was found high tech wireless T-Mobile was taken over by the hackers; this denotes that T-mobile lacks in the field of providing security and authenticity to the customer. Solutions related to the problem faced by T-Mobile: As we know that T-Mobile is one of the leading mobile telecommunications companies and covers the fastest growth, therefore, some amendments are required in its system to get back its reputation. †¢ At first, T-Mobile needs to hire large number of call centre staffs who prepare the company to face recruitment challenges. Earlier, corporate Intranet and agencies were used for internal recruitment and external hires respectively. Therefore, reduction in recruitment expense was required. To solve this problem, company should incorporate alternatives such as Microsoft access database or paper filing system for the management of entire recruitment process. †¢ It also needs to lower the cost and to provide constantly best service than other service provider to occupy large part of market share. †¢ To expose the leading-edge image of the recruitment process, improvements are required in an on-line application process, not only to support corporate identity, but also to provide applicants with more information and a clear course of action. †¢ One of the greatest challenges faced by applicants was the understanding of recruitment process- especially tracking. This process was very complex and slow, as it required series of functions to be performed by different departments; this required large amount of administration and management time. This problem can be overcome by adopting Peopleclick’s web-based recruitment management solution because it follows centralized and standardized process to help reduce cost. In addition, peopleclick (global Total Workforce Acquisition provider) would move strategic shift from agencies to e- Recruitment. It facilitates the company with improved technology, reduced costs and quick and easy access. †¢ To gain customers attention, BPM solutions are required because it helps in establishing a unique insight into people-to-people, people-to-application and application-to-application interactions that constitutes business process. Who is the change going to affect, How will it affect them and How will it affect the company? With the help of above-mentioned solutions, prominent breakthroughs have been observed in several aspects of the company. T-mobile group is fully integrated which made its financial backing and has been renamed to T-mobile Czech Republic. It has provided a portfolio of services to the customers in all countries on a unified basis. The strategy of comprehensive customers care has helped in regaining popularity. This is evident by looking at the record of admitting 400 new clients only in one year. Tangible/Intangible benefits of T-mobile With the introduction of several amendments , T-Mobile kept its position with a market share of 46.2% and over 4 million subscribers at the end of 2004. Gross additions to tangible and intangible assets together with higher investments in subsidiaries and associates (eg, T-Systems Hungary purchased an additional minority stakes in Stonebridge) and partly offset by increased proceeds from real estate sales. Rebranding of Westel to T-Mobile Hungary was a real success. T-Mobile once again, was able to maintain its leading position in a highly competitive market with 46.2% market share. The customer base exceeded 4 million at the end of Q4 2004. The postpaid customer increased to 28.9% of the total customer base as compared to 26.1% at the end of year 2003. With introduction of new packages, a slight increase in usage was seen and the pressure on the employees was drastically reduced. Pros and Cons of T-Mobile: T-Mobile has smallest coverage areas in respect of all national carriers because it more new in comparison to other carriers. It is one of the two U.S carriers that have not launched its Third Generation network. Upgrading of network allow T-Mobile to provide facility to users to download internet content in more effective manner. Many benefits are also provided to the subscriber of T-Mobile by making availability of free phones after rebate and discount price. For eg. The Blackberry Pearl is the thinnest, lightest BlackBerry produced so far. Main features include a digital camera, a built-in music player, Bluetooth. Plus, a more accurate and faster QUERTY keyboard to get things done! Exclusive Pricing! T-Mobile also provides prepaid cell phones called as to Go Phones, which gave an offer of national and regional calling, and they do not require any credit checks or contracts. Conclusion: As we all known T-mobile is one of the leading service provider company to all the subscribers in U.S.A and Europe and its has some special features which makes it easy to stay connected and. It provides number of multiple facilities to its users in form of cameras with video pictures, Bluetooth connectivity, plus EDGE, Wi Fi and extra speed that need to access internet network. T-Mobile is a smart phone with excellent device and very attractive, powerful and effective display. Thus with the implementation of above stated recommendations it may attain much higher level. REFERENCE Referred to sites:- 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile. 2. http://www.gartner.com/teleconferences/attributes/Americas wireless market overview. 3. http://www.peopleclick.com/clients/tmobile.asp/ people click. 4. http://www.the-cell-phone-advisor.com/t-mobile.html/pros and cons of T-Mobile wireless service. Dated on 10th July 2007

Synthes And Bioresorbable Internal Fixation Devices

Synthes And Bioresorbable Internal Fixation Devices Synthes roots are based in the non-profit Swiss research group, Association for the study of Internal Fixation or, AO, as it is referred to by the Swiss. The AO was formed by a group of medical professionals including orthopaedic surgeons, metallurgists and other scientists, whose goal was to find other means repairing complex fractures because the methods used around the time, the 1950s, was either left patients suffering months of rehabilitation or with permanent disabilities. AO was built around three basic principles research, education and development, the building blocks for any RD company. With regards to the education aspect of the organisation AO, would frequently offer multi-courses for other orthopaedic surgeons to enlighten them on the new internal fixation techniques. AO began to work with other non-profit organisations, distributing implants to a particular region in the world, with exclusive rights. Synthes was given exclusive rights to North America, and its counterparts Stratec and Mathys were given exclusive rights to Western Europe and Eastern Europe Asia and Africa respectively. Synthes Itself was split into four different companies, Orthopaedics, Spine, Maxillofacial and Canada. For the purpose of this report the main focus will be Synthes Orthopaedic; they are the leader in US orthopaedic trauma implant market with a domestic market share of approximately 50%. The question posed is whether or not Synthes should invest in bioresorbable devices, these are pins or screws or other fixation devices that degrade over time and are absorbed by the body instead of being removed manually. The obvious advantage is to the patients, because they will a smoother recovery process, the major problem that companies face however is finding the formula to maintain the fixation devices for a long enough period of time to ensure full recovery. One of the main reasons why Synthes should get into bioresorbable devices is the fact that they are a RD company and developing new products is their core function, it is one of the major values of the company. There is also the fact that any lapse in the RD of the company may lead to their competitors producing a like product, obtaining a patent and gaining market share and recognition at the expense of Synthes. With companies such as Johnson and Johnson and Boimet competing to achieve the same goal Synthes needs to always be one step ahead. In most cases it is best to be the first mover in an industry, for example when Phizer created the Viagra pill, albeit accidentally, they maintained a patent on the drug for several years and the exclusive production rights allowed them to corner the market. First movers sometimes even create an industry standard, such is the case for Microsoft. Many people still believe that Windows is the best and only operating system, even though there are m any other, much better OSs in the world. Furthermore Johnson Johnson have already crept ahead by producing the second generation of polymers for the industry, even though the success is still not as great as it could be, they still have that expertise. Synthes can use that knowledge to continue the research and possibly produce the third generation of polymers, the game changer, the one that works as well as they industry hopes. A key function that is required is not only research or develop the product, but also to sell it and another reason why Synthes should consider the bioresorbable market is because they have a hugely competent sales force, the case says they are the most experienced in the industry. There are reasons however why Synthes should not go in this market. Key among these is the fact that the market is growing very slowly and is still highly unstable according to the case. The research into stable polymers is going at a snails pace, it can be argued however that slow growth is better than no growth. Take the example of Apple who suffered in the shadows of Microsoft for many years, but one break with the launch of the iPod and the iPhone is helping to push them to the top of the technology market, their persistence paid off. The other main reason can be seen in the case of Johnson and Johnson in the case, although they were one of the first movers into the bioresorbable market, they failure of the product to perform on par with the metallic fixation devices has left them behind Synthes in that respect. 2Æ’Â   The four options discussed by the Synthes managers were to either ignore the bioresorbables completely while focusing on the improvement of their metallic implants or to wait-and-see, where-by they would monitor the progress of the other manufacturers and learn from them as they perform tests. During this stage Synthes will still invest heavily into the production of bioresorbables, that way they can quickly enter the market if they it started become a sounder means of income. The Third method was to develop and market their own line of bioresorbables with the current polymers on the market first developing plates and screws for hand, feet, wrists and ankle fractures and then they plan move to paediatric fractures. The final option is to continue research and development into the 3rd generation of bioresorbables implants, to improve the polymers in an effort to strengthen them and increase their reliability. The industry believes that progress can be made in the development of these polymers but is not quite sure exactly how much progress can actually be made. As with any corporate level decisions there are many advantages and or disadvantages connected. If Synthes chose to completely ignore the bioresorbables market their major advantage is that they will be able to focus more closely on their core competence, the development of metallic implants and improve it faster than their competitors as all of their focus will be on that aspect of the market. Ignoring the market completely is also a means of lowering the risks involved, because this is already their core function and because that sector of the market is far more stable than that of the bioresorbables market they are assured sustainable short term success. However this short term success is not conducive to growth. Synthes will, in effect, be limiting their growth prospects by not even attempting to develop their bioresorbables sector. As risky as it may be they if they were to take part and it became successful the rewards would heavily out-weigh the risks. They are in essence a research and development company and as previously mentioned RD is one of their core values, not even attempting to research the potential of bioresorbables would be undermining the nature of the company itself. Their scientists and researchers may potentially become frustrated if they are not allowed to even touch what to them could be the future of fracture repair. The second choice that Synthes managers discussed was to wait-and-see what the other manufactures are doing, letting the others do the main research and make the major mistakes, while Synthes learns from them and develops their own line of bioresorbables but doesnt market them until market conditions are favourable. In this method Synthes limits their risks significantly by not committing fully to either the development or marketing of their bioresorbables. They will only market if conditions are favourable, if conditions remain as unstable as they currently are then Synthes can simply pull out of the race. However the intend to invest $20 million into the development of their own bioresorbables; this is a very large and substantial investment. If it so happens that the market conditions remain unstable and Synthes decides not to go to market, they will incur a $20 million loss. They also face less risk in the development aspect because they will be leaving most of the work to their competitors; this also limits the amount of developmental failures they would incur if they were undertaking this task on their own. This may seem like the ideal choice for Synthes, however if their competitors do manage to develop more stable polymers and crack the secrets of bioresorbable internal fixation devices, then Synthes runs a patent blockage risk. If for example J J develop a perfectly functioning polymer and get their formula patented then they may have sole production rights for that particular formula for approximately 10 years. In those years they can create such a foothold in the market as the first movers that it could not only hinder the growth of Synthes, but in the worst case scenario, drive them out of the internal fixation device market completely. In the pharmaceutical industry, companies that have first mover advantage tend to retain that advantage for a very long period of time, as their products are more trusted than their competitors. The other drawback for Synthes is that even if a patent does not completely block them out of the industry, then they still run the risk of losing major m arket share to their many competitors. In the scenario where all of the competitors develop at the same pace and launch their products at the same time, the market pie will be divided among more players than is actually necessary thus limiting the potential market share for Synthes. The third option of developing and marketing their own bioresorbables is by far the most risky option that Synthes can take. However they may gain from the first-mover advantage mentioned above, they also have the ability to patent their formulas, block out competition and secure their place in the market for an extended period of time. This option also gives Synthes the opportunity to recuperate their investment into the development of their bioresorbables with the potential returns from marketing with the current polymers. These advantages however depend heavily on the success of the development phase. Therein lays the risk. If Synthes scientists and researchers get it wrong, the results could be disastrous for the company. The investment on development is $20 million, no mention was made of how much it would cost to actually market the product as well, this will push costs even higher, and to have a product fail with those additionally costs could be potentially fatal for Synthes. This is especially true for the paediatric fracture sector that Synthes is hoping to enter, failed products are bad enough, but failed products for children is almost irreversible damage for Synthes. No company wants to be branded as unsafe for children; something like this will lead to permanent scarring for Synthes. The final option of continued research and development into 3rd generation polymers, this once again is highly advantageous to Synthes as it returns them to their core competence of RD. This method will please their researchers and scientists greatly. It is a more balanced option because it is less risky than developing their bioresorbables with the current unstable polymers available and is far more proactive than ignoring the market completely or letting waiting for their competitors to do the research and testing. The costs involved however will be greater than most, if not all of the other methods, but the rewards if they get this one right will be even greater than all the previous methods put together. There are other downsides however, for example even though researchers and other scientists will be pleased to be working on ground breaking new technology, many failures will occur in the interim and this can lead to a large amount of frustration for them, which can be demotivat ing. Synthes still run the risk of their competitors developing better polymers before they do which would leave them in far greater debt than the other methods. The risks and benefits are great no matter what choice Synthes make, but the fact remains that they are essentially an RD company and should stick to their core competence of research development and education. They are industry leaders and need to maintain the high calibre performance they have been demonstrating over the years of their existence. Ignoring a new development, or waiting for their competitors to develop first should not even be an option for such a company. However at the same time jumping into developing and marketing an unstable product in an unstable market is very fool hardy and far too risky to undertake. Continuing to develop a new and safer means of internal fixation with bioresorbables is the best option for Synthes, the creation of the 3rd generation of polymers should be their priority. 3Æ’Â   In the debate of whether or not Synthes will have an impact on the bioresorbables industry, it is the opinion of the author that they can have a huge impact on the progress of the research and development aspect of the industry. Synthes have been a major player in the metallic fixation devices sector, they therefore have the knowledge on how the well the devices need to hold bones together, and also how they need to be shaped or designed to ensure maximum effectiveness. They are currently researching the effectiveness of the second generation polymers and can also begin to develop the third generation of polymers to catapult the industry into the future. The sheer size and capabilities of Synthes allow for them to exert a large amount of influence unto the market. 4Æ’Â   There are many ways for Synthes to introduce resorbables into the market. They are very innovative, with large amount of resources, capable management and therefore are capable of avoiding the valley of death where many innovations end up with poor management. Synthes can fund their own launch and therefore do not need the aid of venture capitalists as such. Great care needs to be used when introducing resorbables; and it is the belief of the author that Synthes should introduce their resorbables in the form of small screws or pins for smaller fractures and breaks first before they commit. This way they can be used on less complex injuries to test just how long they last, smaller fractures need less time to heal. If Synthes finds that their products are functioning properly then and only then, should they consider to manufacture for larger more complex injuries. This is far less risky but at the same time means that Synthes can still be proactive in their research and development. Use for small fractures only, not major complex broken bones. To ensure that they are stable enough and do no degrade in a short period of time. Merge to compete with other two heavyweights.

Parent Child Relationship in aetiology of Narcissism

Parent Child Relationship in aetiology of Narcissism Although Freud (1900) did not use the term narcissism to represent an important observation he noted in his investigation of dreams he reports the following as a likely basis for the personality traits of these individuals: I have found that people who know that they are preferred or are favored by their mother give evidence in their lives of a peculiar self reliance and an unshakeable optimism which often seem like heroic attributes and bring actual success to their possessors. (p, 398) Millon (1969/1981, 1987); and Sperry (2003) hold that narcissism is not a response to parental devaluation but rather a consequence of parental over-valuation. The child is treated as a special person with a lot of attention, and led by parents believe that he/she is lovable and perfect. Such an unrealistic over-valuation will lead to self-illusions that cannot be sustained in the outer world. Kernberg (1975) describes this psychodynamic approach as object-relations approach to the understanding of the causes of narcissistic personality disorders. In support of this approach, researcher has found that abused children, children of divorced mother father or children whose mother / father died or who have been given up for adoption are at greater risk for the development of narcissistic personality disorders. He further explains the pathological mother-child relationship as the base of narcissism. A cold and un-empathetic mother leads the child to feel himself unloved. The child, in turn, projects his rage onto parents while defensively investing in some aspect of the self that his parents value. The grandiose self reflects a fusion of the parently valued of the child with a fantasized loving mother. According to Kernberg, the negative aspects of self are split off from the main self. In short narcissistic self is pathological. One aspect of narcissism is intensely ambitious, self-aborbed and overly dependent on acclaim. Another aspect of the narcissist is characterized by a lack of empathy, emptiness and uncertainty about identity. In other words, Kernberg (1975) characterizes narcissistics as possessing an unusual degree of self-reference in their interactions (p.655), as well as a great need to be admired a shallow emotional life and an exploitative and some time parasitic relationship with others. Kohut (1977, 1984) came to view narcissism as underlying a distinct and separate line of psychological development. At one and of the dimension, there are in fantasies about the self and others, which tend to reflect grandiose and idealized fantasies of the omnipotence of the self or the other as fantasists of extreme helplessness and powerlessness. At the other end, developmentally advanced and psychologically healthier narcissism prevails, allowing for interdependent attachment to others, stable self-esteem and confidence and investment in relationships, work and personal convictions, According to Kohut, individuals exist to within the psychological context of a self-object matrix, the intrapsychic representation of the self-sustaining functions of the environment. Importantly, his approach is developmental. The evolution and the development of the personality is determined in large part by the nature of the surrounding environment. Million (1969, 1981) holds that the narcissistic personality is found in excessive unconditional parental valuation of the child. This could account for the unjustified sense of self worth, disdain for rules of social conduct and expansive sense of self-importance. Similarly, parental overindulgence and failure to set limits could account for the lack of a sense of respect for others and the absence of self control. After a long gap, Million (1990) and Million and Everly (1985) repeated his unchanged conviction that narcissism is the product of home environment. Within Millions social learning frame world a lack of parental enforcement of discipline, does, indeed seem to be a plausible factor in promoting narcissistic symptoms which include self-grandiosity, fantasies of personal perfection of sense of specialness ness and entitlement, demand for excessive admiration, envy, interpersonal exploitativeness, a lack of empathy and arrogance (APA, 1994). Miller (1984) holds that an abusive and essentially authoritarian style of parenting fosters narcissism. Lerner (1986) holds that narcissistic personality is the product of family environment that fasters lowered self-esteem, disintegration anxiety and feelings of depletion (p.335)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. feelings of deadness and nonexistence and a self-perception of emptiness weakness and hopelessness. (p.336) Siomopoulos (1988) follows the proposition that disorder may arise when cold and rejecting parents interact with their children with the result that children feel rejected and unworthy in the world. Since all children are not alike, individual differences among them lead some of them live their lives defending against the reality by believing that they are desirable. As such, they turn to others for admiration. Those who place emphasis on early emotional life experience further propose that early negative parental perception spoils the healthy relationship if there is any promotes grandiose self-image in children which helps them maintain illusions of self-sufficiency and freedom from dependence. Wolf (1988) holds anxiety and depression foster complaints of narcissistic patients. Beck and Freeman (1990) are of the opinion that narcissism is the product of parental overindulgence and overvaluation by significant others during childhood. Shengold (1991) believes that parents of narcissistic patients had failed to be forceful and firm and they were unable to refuse their childrens demand and to impose any kind of discipline. Curtis and Cowell (1993) believe that narcissism is the result of childrens feelings that parents often take them special, talented and above the average. Vaillant (1994) hold interactions with cold and rejecting parents produces a feeling of self unworthiness in children with the result that children defend themselves by projecting that they are good and wanted, they look at others with the expectations that they will get praise for the worth and value they have. Siomopoulos (1988) followed the proposition that disorder may arise when cold and rejecting parents interact with their children, with the result that children feel rejected and unworthy in the world. Since all children are not alike, individual differences among them lead some of them to live their lives defending against the reality by believing that they are desirable. As such, they turn to others for admiration. Those who place emphasis on early emotional life experience further propose that early negative parental perception spoils the healthy relationship if there is any promotes grandiose self-image in children which helps them maintain illusions of self sufficiency and freedom from dependence. If we put all these theories together and squeezed them fully well we will find faulty parenting at the base of narcissism. As such, a little devotion to the understanding of parenting seems to be relevant here. Parenting: Almost in all Western countries many children spend a great deal of time in a child-care centers away from the home, parents are still the main caregivers for the vast majority of the worlds children. And parents have always wondered what is the best way to rear their children. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Children are to be seen and not heard. There was a time when parents took those adages seriously. But our attitudes toward children and parenting techniqueshave changed. Parenting Styles: To become good parents, it is important for parents to be sensitive to the childrens individuality (Samson Kothbart, 1995), characteristic way of responding. Baumrind (1971, 1991) believes that parents interact with their children in one of the four basic ways. She classifies parenting styles as authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and indulgent. Authoritarian parenting is a restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parents directions and to respect work and effort. The authoritarian parent firmly limits and controls the child with little verbal exchange. Authoritarian parenting is associated with childrens social incompetence. In a difference of opinion about how to be something, for example, the authoritarian parent might say, You do it my way or elseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.There will be no discussion! Children of authoritarian parents are often anxious about social comparison, fail to initiate activity, and have poor communication skills Authoritative parenting encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their behavior. Extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed and parents are warm and nuturant toward the child. Authoritative parenting is authoritative parent might put his arm around the child in a comforting way and say, You know you should not have done that; lets talk about how you can handle the situation better next time. Children whose parents are authoritative tend to be socially competent, self-reliant, and socially responsible. Neglectful parenting is a style is which parents are uninvolved in their childs life. This style is associated with the childs social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control. This type of parent cannot give an affirmative answer to the question, Its 10 P.M. Do you know where your child is? Children have a strong need for their parents to care about them. Children whose parents are neglectful might develop a sense that other aspects of the parents lives are more important than they are. Children whose parents are neglectful tend to show poor self-control and do not handle independence well. Indulgent parenting is a style in which parents are involved with their children but place few demands on them. Indulgent parenting is associated with childrens social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control. Such parents let their children do what they want, and the result is the children never learn to control their own behavior and always expect to be get their way. Some parents deliberately rear their children in this way because they believe the combinations of warm involvement with few restraints will duce pro a creative, confident child. One boy whose parents deliberately reared him in an indulgent manner moved his parents out of their bedroom suite and took it over for himself. He is almost 18 years old and still has not learned to control his behavior; when he cant get something he wants, he throws temper tantrums with the result he is not very popular with his peers. Children whose parents are indulgent never learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior. The Mothers and Fathers Roles _ What do you think of when you hear the world motherhood? If you are like most people, you associate motherhood with a number of positive imaged, such as warmth, selflessness, dutifulness and tolerance (Matline, 1993). And while most women expect that motherhood will be happy a fulfilling, the reality is that motherhood has been accorded relatively low prestige in our society (Hoffnung, 1984). When stacked up against money, power, and achievement, motherhood unfortunately doesnt fare too well, and mother rarely receive the appreciation they warrant. When children dont succeed or they develop problems our society has had a tendency to attribute the lack of success or the development of problems to a single source mother. One of psychologys most important lessons is that behavior is multi determined. So it is with childrens developmentwhen development goes awry, mother are not the single cause of the problems, even though our society stereotypes them in this way. A special concern of many contemporary mothers is whether working full-time in a career will harm their childrens development. There is no evidence that this is the case (Parke Buriel, 1998). Nonetheless, when working-mothers place their children in child care (nonmaternal care), they worry about whether it will harm their children. This is a legitimate concern. Childrens socio-emotional development can significantly benefit from interaction with a caring, accessible and dependable father who fosters a sense of trust and confidence (Lamb, 1998; Snarey, 1998). The fathers childrens social competence, because he is often the only male the child encounters on a regular day-to-day basis. Father-mother cooperation and mutual respect help the child develop positive attitude toward both parents and him / her self also (Biller, 1993). It is much easier for working-parents to cope with changing family circumstances and day-care issues when father and mother equitable share child-rearing responsibilities. Mothers feel less stress and have more positive attitudes toward their husbands when they are supportive-partners.

rush city :: essays research papers

RUSH CITY PRISON 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is a correctional facility 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1994 the Minnesota legislature appropriated funds for a new correctional facility in or close to the twin cities. Rush city was selected from many spots in or around the twin cities. In 1996 construction began. Thoughtful, innovative design was a tremendous difference in the cost of the prison, thinking of space requirements and how many workers would be required to run the facility safely. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  89 million dollars of an 83-acre facility placed on a 385-acre site. Total inmate capacity of almost 1000 prisoners. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  None that I read about 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, Rush City is the place for our county fair and it sees a lot more action then one may think. It is right on the freeway which makes an easy commute from almost anywhere around the area, and it also provides a nice, safe working environment that is close to home and pays well. There is not many departments like stores in rush city but it is full of factory buildings and worksites. It is also a good spot for the inmates themselves. They can easily have a job on the outside if they are allowed that option and it is close to the facility. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In rush city there are a lot of farm boys who are tuff enough to be prison guards, I actually know of a guy who grew up with my cousins and I on their farm and he went through a strict training program to be a guard in the visitors section. As far as food is concerned there seems to be a lot of ways food is delivered and made up for the inmates. From the usual lunch lady to sysco. I do not know much about the security system in the facility but it must be state of the art if they dropped 90 million dollars on the place. I think it is a fine place for a prison, I believe the inmates would be safer staying in the fence then actually escaping into that town. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As stated in question 3 the Minnesota legislature gave 83 million to build the facility 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A: thank god I now have a job that is close to home, it beats driving 52 miles everyday and the pay is competitive to what I was getting at my city job. I can run home for lunch and I get to see my kids more then I used to.

Irish Potato Famine Essay -- essays research papers

In the early 1800s life in Ireland wasn’t easy, Irish citizens got by day to day by farming and relying on the potato. The potato was their main source of food and money. With out the potato the Irish would have nothing. No one was prepared for what was about to happen in 1845, the beginning of the Great Irish Potato Famine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Irish Potato Famine was the worst tragedy in the history of Ireland. The outcome of the famine would result in hundreds of thousands dead, an failure of the economy in Ireland, and millions of emigrants forced to leave their home and country just to try to survive. The famine would effect countries other than Ireland as well. Some of these countries included England, America, Canada, and Australia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next five years, almost all Irish citizens, would have the hardest struggle that they would ever face. It would tear families apart, destroy peoples lives, and cause large financial losses to landowners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early to mid 1800s Ireland was a very poor and difficult place to live. Most of the land was owned by landowners that lived in England and rented their land out to Irish citizens. The owners had almost no interest in their land and property in Ireland. They only cared about getting their money from their renters. The rents were overpriced and living costs in Ireland were also extremely high. The living conditions for the renters in Ireland were horrible, with one-room houses that were expected to shelter whole families. Another problem with the country was that over 70% of the population was illiterate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The renters would use their land to farm potatoes because they were cheap, easy to grow, full of vitamins, and you could grow a lot in a small area and in poor farming conditions. The whole country relied on the crop of potatoes as their source of food and income.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mid 1800s there were many seasons that produced poor crops, and in some cases no potatoes at all. These seasons were taken lightly, and just thought to be bad crop seasons. After these bad seasons, farmers became upset and began to grow poorer quality potatoes known as ‘Lumper potatoes’ or ‘Horse potatoes’ instead of the stronger healthier potatoes. ... ...money to their family so that they could escape Ireland and start a new life in America. Those whose lives became bad and worsened by the immigration were too ashamed to talk to their family and discontinued contact with family back in Ireland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion the potato famine effected not only those who lived in Ireland, but those in America too. The people that survived the crisis eventually returned their lives back to normal and were not physically harmed but rather emotionally scared with memories of wondering how much longer they were going to live. Also they remembered the whole scene with dead bodies every where and villages of which every resident was sickened and dying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Americans were effected by this epidemic with the introduction of many diseases introduced to their country. Especially those in the New England area of the country, where most of the immigrants arrived who had seen how the famine over seas had such an impact on millions of people’s lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over all many lives were lost, many lives changed, all due to the only crop that the Irish relied on†¦the potato.

Promising Medical Applications for Embryonic Stem Cells Essay -- Explo

Promising Medical Applications for Embryonic Stem Cells Special cells that are taken from human embryos, called embryonic stem cells (ES cells), actually possess the power to save your life. The importance of embryonic stem cells rests in their lack of specialization. These basic cells are present in the earliest stages of developing embryos and are able to develop into virtually any type of cell and tissue in the body. Being self-renewing, they offer a potentially limitless source of cells and tissue. The versatility of these unique cells is what makes them so valuable and vital to human existence. These cells can serve many medical purposes and have the ability to benefit people in infinite ways. a. Joint replacement? There is great potential for stem cell use in joint repair and replacement as several recent studies have shown. For instance, a team of researchers at the University of Calgary used embryonic stem cells to create osteoblasts, or bone producing cells. The osteoblasts were generated in culture at a limited scale. The team cites the limited availability of embryonic stem cells as a major limiting factor to future studies. Most scientists are avoiding the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cell research by studying the potential uses of adult stem cells. In January of 2004, Dr. Michael Longaker of the Stanford University Medical Center and a team of doctors published their findings on bone replacement using adult stem cells in mice. They used adult stem cells derived from subcutaneous fat to create bone on premolded scaffolds. These bone structures were used to repair congenital craniofacial deformations in mouse subjects. An extension of this procedure to humans could result in monumental advanc... .... â€Å"Researchers Aim To Create â€Å"Living Glue† For Replacement Joints.† Stem Cell Research Foundation. September 2004. â€Å"Stem Cells Regenerate Injured Heart Muscle.† Stem Cell Research Foundation. August 2004. . â€Å"Stem cells therapy ‘may grow tissue’.† BBC News. 11 February, 2002. . â€Å"Stem Cell Research Targets Cerebral Palsy.† Stem Cell Research Foundation. August 2004. . Warren, Stephen M. MD; Nacamuli, Randall K. MD; Song, HanJoon M. MD; Longaker, Michael T. MD, FACS. â€Å"Tissue-Engineered Bone Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and a Biodegradable Scaffold.† Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. January 2004: Vol. 15: 1.