Statistics Cheat Sheets

The 95% confidence interval indicates that between 14% and 34% of Kayoed rental properties are rented to families Contrary to the claims made by Kayoed, less than 35% of their properties are rented to families. According to a web advertising company, the impact of pop up ads depends on age. A random sample of 60 web surfers are asked if they remember a specific internet ad. The age of each respondent is recorded as teenager', young adult' or ‘over 30'. What analysis would you use to test the hypothesis that teenagers are more likely to remember the pop up ad than young adults or people over 30?Test: Chi-squared test Jane, who works for Universal Bank, wants to know which credit card to recommend to her customers. She believes that VIZIER credit card customers probably get more bonus points than customers of Extraterrestrials credit cards. She records the number of bonus points awarded to a random sample of customers of each card. What analysis would you use to test the hypothes is that VIZIER credit card customers get more bonus points than customers of Extraterrestrials credit cards? Test: Independent Samples t-test It is believed that the age at which a child first talks is related to his or her IQ at age 12.A random sample of one hundred 12 year olds did a standardized IQ test and the age at which they first spoke is recorded. What analysis would you use to test the hypothesis that children who talk earlier tend to have higher IIS? Test: Person's correlation coefficient and regression analysis A sociologist believes that the current economic cellmate NAS resulted In Tower people going to university tan In ten pas t. When seen attended university in the sass, 57% of school leavers continued to tertiary studies. She takes a random sample of 1000 school leavers in the last year and records whether or not they continue their education.What analysis would you use to test the hypothesis that the proportion of school leavers who continue to tertiary studies ha s dropped since the sass? Test: Binomial test Australian adults watch an average of 3 hours of television everyday. A survey was conducted on a random sample of 100 Australian students and the amount of TV watched they watched each day was recorded. What analysis would you use to test the hypothesis that, on average, students watch more TV than the general population? Test: One sample t-test Fred is the barman at the Golden Arms.He always puts free nuts on the counter to make people buy more drinks. Sally tells him that flavored peanuts make people buy more drinks than normal salted peanuts. He gets 20 of his regular customers to help him in an experiment where he gives each of them one type of nut one night and the other type of nut the next night and records how many standard drinks they buy. What analysis would you use to test the hypothesis that flavored peanuts make people buy more drinks than normal salted nuts do? Test: Paired samples t-test

Act II of Titus Andronicus Essay

In contemporary prose, but creating a voice and style which is suitable for the character write a dramatic monologue in the style of Aaron reflecting on the motivation for his actions at one point in Act II of Titus Andronicus. Act 2.3 Line 1 (page 114) Enter Aaron alone Hiding a bag of gold is not an act of absurdity; it is an act of retribution that I, Aaron have kindly donated to the spiteful Andronicus. The smell of sweet vengeance under my black second class citizen nose travels up through my right nostril and straight into my wisdom. My wisdom constantly conquering the smell of seduction that passes via the left nostril. Aaron’s mind trapped into achieving revenge. Whatever happens after this bag of gold vanishes, I promise to thee beautiful Tamora I am a man of my word. However a word may not be possibly used to characterize me. Rome’s beloved ornament metamorphosed into the Goths rape hole. The hole in which many men fall into. The day of doom is soon to commence, blood will emerge from these holes. Many years of untouched love will soon experience forced pleasure. Once this deed is done, the empress of my soul will have to be dealt with, the same way ornament of Rome’s chastity will be branded. Aaron digs up a hole and hides the bag of gold The wilderness surroundings are perfect this morning, hardly a bird in sight, the cold wind brushing green leaves past the buried treasure, covering its abused soil. Aaron takes a seat on a shallow tree stump The letter is ready to be sent; the tongue will soon be dealt with. Oh the way these dark tree’s would look more attractive with a hint of Andronicus blood splattered around it, Titus himself has slain his children so I may aswell join him! What sociopath slays there own children? Off with their heads! Here’s to villainy, and here’s to headless Rome. Oh if only headless Rome had Aarons charming eyes there would be no problem! Aaron mounts a big boulder, arises high After this day of doom commences, my lightning will have struck down Bassianus. One step closer to clutch my empress by her waist, her tender soft skin grasping onto my cold rough arms, many years of passionate love, yet so many years left to discover the wilderness of her body, the holes to drill by and the power to enforce to the people of Rome. My avidity towards my very own newborn, to cherish and love. A child to follow Aaron’s footsteps, a child whom will shine in pearl and gold. A child that will also put shame to the name of Andronicus. Alas! The smell of seduction overwhelming me through these thoughts going on through my mind. Time is ticking, vengeance is my priority. Aaron shall go and continue observing ensuring this lightning will strike Bassianus without any witnesses to sabotage this genius plan. Halt. Who continues to approach the great Aaron and interfere with his master plans? Enter Tamora alone with Aaron (466 words) The commentary: Within the first few sentences of the monologue I have used an extended metaphor. â€Å"Constantly conquering the smell of seduction that passes via the left nostril,† this is showing what Aaron is mainly focusing on throughout this monologue. The seduction being Tamora which is clashing with his drive to vengeance, â€Å"The smell of sweet vengeance.† I have used this metaphor to recreate what happens in act 2.3 when Tamora tries to seduce Aaron when she enters, which is showing how driven Aaron is to vengeance. I have put this monologue in before Tamora actually walks in to foreshadow the state of mind of Aaron, this is further backed up by â€Å"smell of seduction overwhelming me† and â€Å"Time is ticking, vengeance is my priority.† The repetition I have used here is used to enforce Aaron’s drive to vengeance. Shakespeare has used alliteration of ‘h’ to enforce Aaron’s drive to vengeance in act 2.3, â€Å"Blood and revenge are hammering in my head† this is what provoked me to repeat the idea of vengeance and seduction in the structure of my monologue; it reflects what Aaron is trying to conquer. I have repeated the word â€Å"hole† throughout this monologue because I realised a lot of the main events that occurred during Act 2.3 revolved around the idea of a hole/pit/ditch; â€Å"Metamorphosed into the Goths rape hole. The hole in which many men fall into.† Bassianus is found dead in a pit followed by Quintus and Martius who also fall into this â€Å"unhallowed and bloodstained hole.† Lavinia also having her ‘hole’ violated by force. The constant reference to a hole represents a mark of death; â€Å"blood-drinking pit.† It also can refer to the two fertile holes in this act which is both shown, the rape of lavinia and the seduction from Tamora. â€Å"Blood will emerge from these holes† this quote continues to symbolise the inevitable rape and death events due to take place soon in the act. â€Å"Hiding a bag of gold is not an act of absurdity; it is an act of retribution† by using this quote this is showing that Aaron is seeking retribution. I used the word ‘retribution’ due to Aaron’s stature in 1593 where Titus Andronicus was set; throughout the play he is referred to â€Å"Moor† and looked as a â€Å"devil† due to his â€Å"hue.† â€Å"Ay, like a black dog as the saying is† â€Å"Aaron will have his soul black like his face† here he is embracing what has been forced upon him. He has referred himself to a ‘black dog’ it’s almost as if he is doing these heinous deeds to fit his stereotypes. Shakespeare has referred black people to animals; ‘a toad.’ Throughout the book Aaron gets agony over the coulor of his skin. This can explain the motivation of his evil, as he has been treated like a second class citizen for far too long; he has been a victim of society. This is why this â€Å"bag of gold† is going to help him redeem retribution; the bag of gold is also referred to â€Å"buried treasure† which shows this bag has meaning, the stage direction of him burying in a hole shows this as well. In the start of act 2.3 he orders Tamora around, â€Å"Now question me no more; we are espied† from analysing this quote it goes to show that Aaron spends a lot of time planning his actions before executing them which shows he is very organised. I have reflected this in my monologue by using directional hypothesis in his words. â€Å"Tongue will be dealt with† â€Å"lightning will have struck down† by using the word â€Å"will† it is showing his determination in his planning. â€Å"Continues to approach the great Aaron and interfere with his master plans? The rhetorical question used here shows that Aaron’s character is much organised, it is also meant to show the hubris of him as a character as he has referred to him in 3rd person aswell as calling him â€Å"the great† and that his plans are â€Å"master plans.† All of the planning ahead and self belief in his words reflect his arrogant, self confident mind frame. â€Å"Sociopath slays there own children?† I have used these exact words to debate on how a character of such pure evil can contrast to the hero of the play. Titus having slain his son is looked down upon by Aaron, who from my eyes of the play is the sociopath. Me using the word ‘sociopath’ in this way shows that Aaron himself may not know that other people may class him as the sociopath; to him he is just that â€Å"second class citizen.† This could be the reason for his motivation of evil as throughout the play he is known as Aaron the ‘barbarous moor.’ Shakespeare has used stereotypes to Aaron’s skin coulor which suggests he is nothing but a typical evil black man; funnily enough his character reflects this throughout the play. I have used the quote â€Å"However a word may not be possibly used to characterize me† to suggest even Aaron himself does not know what he is; he has a richly complex and ambiguous appeal. In at 2.3 when he tells Tamora â€Å"Blood and revenge are hammering in my head† but does not tell us any specific reason why apart from the war against the Goths and Rome suggests his actions are all evil. When it comes down to children he seems to have an interesting contrast to parenthood compared to Titus. I have foreshadowed Aaron’s kindness to children because later on in the play he himself has a child. â€Å"A child whom will shine in pearl and gold. A child that† this quote is meant to show Aarons desperation to children, this is also the reason why I have mentioned Tamora’s seduction to be on his mind as much as revenge, revenge is his priority yet it makes sense why Tamora could is his second priority. The stage directions used in this monologue is also briefly showing Aaron is up to something, Enter Aaron alone, Aaron digs up a hole and hides the bag of gold, Aaron takes a seat on a shallow tree stump, Enter Tamora alone with Aaron. From these stage directions the structure of them is leading to something inevitable, I have used the stage directions in this effect because Shakespeare uses a lot of stage directions throughout Titus to structure the scene chronologically so it is much more effective. Overall Aaron can be interpreted as this loathsome, diabolical character with an obnoxious attitude. However I ultimately think those who are brought up in a society where being a different coulor is basically illegal influences the way the character undertakes life later on. I think the evil that lurks inside Aaron is innate, and it is there not to inflict pain, but to deliver an act of retribution due to the way he has been treated in early life.

Zheng's Contribution to World Regional Geography Research Paper

Zheng's Contribution to World Regional Geography - Research Paper Example Introduction Zheng He (1371-1435) may not be as well-known, at least in the west, as other explorers of medieval times such as Magellan and Columbus, even though he was earlier and covered a larger area. According to Bishop et al (2004, page 21) he was castrated while very young and taken from his home to the Beijing palace. However according to Israeli ( 2001) the admiral had already decided as a child, after hearing tales from his father, that he would travel across the seas and reach Mecca, the religious center of Islam. In order to do this however he lost home, family, his ethnicity and even his inherited religion of Islam. They cite the legend that even his name was invented. Background Working during what Iwabuchi et al refer ( 2004, page 129) to ‘ the expansive period of the Ming dynasty’ although not widely known, Zheng He is still remembered. In 2004 there were celebrations to mark the 6ooth year since his first voyage, although Jin Wu, a distinguished oceanic s cientist, admits that the literature on his discoveries is thin on the ground. According to Gunde ( 2004), following orders given by the then emperor Yongle, and later by his successor, Xuande. Bloom ( 2010) claims that the emperor was aware that:- The influx of foreign goods and currency would help swell his war chest, and, by enhancing his esteem abroad would help buttress his claim to the throne.’. Zheng He, a eunuch in the imperial service, led seven exploratory expeditions, beginning in 1405 and the last setting out in 1430. The emperor ordered the first voyage when he acceded to the throne and they ceased when he died. Rather strangely perhaps Finlay says that there is no way in which Zheng He could be regarded as an explorer, but purely as a military man acting on behalf of a very militaristic emperor. ( Finlay 2000, page 295) Finlay goes on to describe the controversy as to the long term value of the voyages ( Finlay 2000, page 296) describing how Needham had seen Zhe ng He as scholar leading a scholarly enterprise, in contrast to the aggressively colonizing men who followed him out into unknown seas over the next two centuries. He also cites Janet Abu-Lughod who declared that historians believe it is impossible to solve the riddle of why Zheng He’s voyages failed to lead on to world dominance for China. Also quoted is William McNeill who in 1998 said that â€Å"Chinese navigators might well have rounded Africa and discovered Europe before Prince Henry the Navigator died (in 1460)." Yet, just like Columbus who came later Zheng He :- often did not really even know where he was, believed that India was centered in the Middle East and that Christianity and Islam as well as Buddhism originated there. ( Bloom 2010) His purposes and achievements. When the Han Chinese people overthrew the Mongol invaders and created the Ming Dynasty late in the14th Century, as described by Bloom ( 2010) they inherited the already established fleet of ships, as w ell as a wide spread network of trade routes. The voyages of Zheng He built on these. The expeditions set out west from China, the first voyage reaching Sri Lanka, ( Maritime Lanka, undated) and later his ships went as far as the Cape of Good Hope on the southernmost tip of South Africa, building , at least for a time, a trading empire without imperialism, although Finlay ( 2000, page 294) , says that merchants were less important to the expeditions than the astronomers and geomancers i.e. those who measured the earth, as well as doctors and naturalists searching for new pharmacological useful materials. The mariners had two purposes – to let the world see the glories of the Ming dynasty, and also to enable the emperor to collect

Marketing - crises and problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - crises and problems - Essay Example These factors, which may be supportive or constraining to the future development of the organization, provide the backcloth' against which the future strategies and plans must be formulated (Bennet, 1996). The model analyses the environment into four areas of focus. It should be used flexibly to reflect the nature of the relevant country/market environment. This means that for a large corporate, with a significant spread of operations, it is appropriate to separately map the different environments in which the various parts of the organization operate (Howe, 1986). The facts are normally identified by the senior management of the business from their personal knowledge and experience. Naturally this assumes that they have sufficient background in the environment to generate accurate data. If this experience does not exist external information sources would need to be used to supplement the existing knowledge of the business (Aaltonen and Ikavalko 2002). Even where knowledge is strong' it is prudent to validate key facts/assumptions and to compare alternative views of the future. The analysis should be used to identify: The issues that are dominant and are likely to exert the most pressure or influence on the future direction and prospects of the corporate. This is often achieved by using H/M/L (High/Medium/Low) categorization of each factor. Five Forces Model Industry mapping is a model that enables the competitive environment in which the organization operates to be analyzed. It was developed by Michael Porter and is often referred to as the Porter 5 Forces' model. It helps to identify the strength of the competitive forces that impact on the industry (Kotler and Armstrong 2005). Environmental Mapping' examined more generally the wider commercial context affecting all industries, this approach is focused on the specific industry in which the organization operates. Competition among existing firms - this is the natural competitive rivalry which exists between the various businesses operating within the industry marketplace (Bennet, 1996). Threat of new entrants - this is the potential likelihood of, and ease of, entry for new firms into the market. An example would be the entry of Japanese contractors into the UK construction market. Threat of substitute products or services - this is where a product or service, perhaps produced through a different technology, enters the market. An example would be the entry of compact discs into the audiotape/record market - providing the same product, music', through a different technology. Bargaining power of suppliers - this examines the relationship between businesses in the industry and the suppliers to those businesses. Where suppliers have a unique or restricted availability product they can exert a strong influence over prices and conditions of supply, therefore potentially putting pressures on the businesses purchasing their product/services. Bargaining power of buyers - this examines the relationship between businesses in the industry and the customers of those businesses. The purpose is to identify the relative strength of the business in the customer relationship (Bowman 1998; Porter, 1980, Appendix

Email Regarding Cell Phone Use While Driving Assignment

Email Regarding Cell Phone Use While Driving - Assignment Example Nowadays, it is seen that many traffic accidents are there because of usage of cell phones while driving. We should not ignore this crucial disadvantage of cell phone usage while driving. In accordance to the laws made for cell phone usage in Texas as described by Governors Highway Safety Association (2009), the novice drivers who do not have a six months experience are forbidden to use cell phones for calling and text messaging while driving. In addition, the drivers who are travelling with passengers equal to seventeen or more than seventeen are also restricted not to use cell phones (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 2009). In the light of described laws, the drivers should use company provided cell phones but they should be experienced in driving. In addition, they are required to park their vehicles for using cell phones. They are not allowed to use cell phones while driving. There is no exception for drivers driving inside Texas and outside Texas. The sales representatives will adhere to the company policy of using cell phones that is to park their vehicle and then attend to any call or text message. By this way, neither the business nor the employees will be affected

Assignment com 008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment com 008 - Essay Example Euphemistic language is commonly used to manipulate others. In involves using a smoother, less objectionable manner of presenting something, rather than a blunt or frank way of saying it. For instance, death can be referred to in a more polite manner such as departure from life or passing away. Euphemism can be used to make the rough edges of life smoother and make what is actually unbearable to be more bearable. Another aim of using euphemism is to make individuals sound more learned and to enhance their self-worthiness. On the other hand, if used to create misconceptions, euphemism can be a risky technique, for both the user and the recipient. For example, euphemism may lead to problem denial, which may hinder an individual from getting a solution. Other people may find it difficult to realize an issue, thus may go unresolved. The most dreadful of all euphemism is that used politically, since all positives and negatives are made either appropriate or inappropriate, depending on the issue at

Exxon Mobile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exxon Mobile - Research Paper Example Its large production operations reserves and diversity, possession of one of the largest E&P portfolios and its technological superiority are some of the benefits attributed to its efficiency. Exxon Mobile markets its products under three brands including Esso, Mobil, and Exxon. The company also owns smaller subsidiary such as Sea River Maritime and Imperial Oil Limited. The biggest cash flow is, however, dominated by the upstream divisions, which account for about 70% of the total revenue (Exxon Mobile Corp, 2011). Company and industry characteristics Primary products Exxon mobile’s primary products include fuels, chemicals, natural gas and lubricants and special products. The fuel products, which is its core activity, is produced in a variety of types including gas oil for industrial applications, heavy fuel oils for power stations, domestic fuel oil for heating in buildings and houses, LPG and diesel for cars and gas oil for industrial applications and heavy fuel oils for p ower stations. Exxon also manufactures lubricants and fuels for the aviation industry. Lubricants and special products are sold under the Mobil brand, which comes in a wide range of amounts and types. The chemicals are classified as petrochemicals, which are produced from petroleum and include the common chemicals that are used in everyday life, such as synthetic rubber, packaging materials, solvents, plastic bottles and other consumer products. Lastly, ExxonMobil produces natural gas, which is in pure form of LPG used as a propellant for manufacturing cosmetics. Competitiveness of the industry The oil and gas industry is operating under a challenging and a dynamic global marketplace and a progressively more adamant group of participants. The regulatory demand is increasingly putting pressure on the operations, and the demand growth is becoming sluggish, while the existing reserves are more expensive and difficult to generate. As the demand to meet future demand builds up, worldwide alliances are becoming more significant. Over the recent years, oil price fluctuation has become the order of the day. In spite of this, the companies in this industry have a challenging task of ensuring they focus on the medium to long-term conditions if they are to make credible decisions and achieve their growth targets. Investing in people, technology and R&D are critical in ensuring a lasting competitive edge. Exxon Mobile’s primary competitors include Chevron Corporation and BP. Chevron is an American multinational energy Corporation with the presence in more than 180 nations. Its operations cover all aspects of gas, oil, and geothermal energy industries that include mining; refinement, marketing and transportation; sale and manufacture of chemicals; and also generation of power. Chevron is among the top 6 major oil companies. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2011). Financial statements and ratio analysis Financial statement analysis In financial statements ana lysis, we have used year 2008 to 2011 comparatives. Total revenue reported in year 2008 amounting to $ 433,526,000 dropped to $ 275,564,000 in 2010 (Exxon Mobile Corp, 2011). This significant decline in revenues could be attributed to the effects of global economic depression that had just started to bite and due to sharp rise in prices of fuel products - this forced many people and businesses to use alternative sources of energy. To guard against losses occasioned by reduced economic activity, the

Critically compare and contrast the arguments of classical and modern Essay

Critically compare and contrast the arguments of classical and modern liberals regarding the role of the state - Essay Example Upholding individual rights and ensuring equality of opportunity are considered to be better than theocratic rules, absolutism and totalitarianism. This ideology arose in the Age of Enlightenment; out of dissatisfaction with the interference of the Church and â€Å"the comprehensive political control and regulation of economic affairs† (Balaam, 2007:7) that prevailed. A liberal state neither seeks to resolve the conflicts of people on various matters of faith and life, nor interfere in the market economy. Instead, it â€Å"provides a neutral framework within which citizens can pursue their diverse conceptions of the good life† (Honderich, 1995: 483) and live together. Classical liberals favour religious tolerance over a religious monopoly. All liberals seek â€Å"the best form of government which will permit the individual to pursue life as he or she sees fit† (IEP, 2006). Liberal ideas now dominate many parts of the world. The USA was founded on the very principles of liberty, freedom and equality. Freedom is considered an ideal, which is only possible if people are allowed to be autonomous. The value of freedom â€Å"has its roots not only in Rousseau’s and Kant’s political theory, but also in John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty†¦ [and is still] a dominant strain in liberalism† (SEP, 2007). Liberalism prefers a limited role of the state because the state is perceived to be abusive of individual liberties, which leads to tensions between the individual and the state. Liberals believe that the tasks performed by the government must be limited to â€Å"tasks that individuals cannot perform by themselves, such as establish a basic legal system, assure national defence, and coin money† (Balaam, 2007: 50). Adam Smith, concerned with state interference in the market system, was a proponent of this view when he stated that the government’s role should be restricted to only doing work that private

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final Project - Essay Example The First Amendment protects the rights of individuals, including prisoners, to their freedom of communication via letters. It makes Jail Officers wonder why other charges like harassment or deprivation from access to court were included in the complaints. Knowing the drug syndicates have lots of means to access lawyers and media, this can be a clear indication of the effectiveness of the new Mail management system against unwanted activities in jail. Or Civil Rights Groups may be right up to a certain extent. There should be more transparency and clarifications concerning the initiatives of the Department of Corrections. What should be made known to the public ought to appease every listener and definitely satisfy courts and lawyers as soon as they hear those explanations for clarifications. The government’s lawyer should be made to clarify that the procedures are merely temporary. And the reason for its being temporary ought to be further explained to judges behind closed do ors. Security measures require some level of confidentiality and private discussions among lawyers and judges only. II.Details A.Statement of Facts A new mail policy of the Department of Correction dictated the specification for incoming and outgoing communications by saying that communication â€Å"must be on a 5x7 inch pre-stamped postcard†. Even the ink color was restricted. Return address had to be either written or printed. Adhesive label was not allowed. However, there were logical reasons connected to law enforcement against the entry of contraband through mails. The other reason was not directly related to law enforcement, because the Correction Officers simply wanted to make it easier for them to manage the mails daily in the light of insufficient Staff. There was also a policy that would provide three FREE postcards per week for indigents. To be considered indigent, the prisoner â€Å"must have less than $ 10.00 balance for 45 days prior to the request for indigent supplies.† If not indigent, a prisoner will have to buy the 5 x 7 postcard for $0.50 cents per post card. As a result of these changes, the Department of Corrections received complaint suits for violating the 1st Amendment civil rights pertaining to freedom of expression. Complainants also accused the department of invading the privacy of prisoners, of interfering with the prisoners’ access to the courts, of harassing prisoners, of not having a legitimate purpose, of being unnecessarily different from most other prisons in the management of packages and letters. Is it right to heed a few legislators who wanted the Corrections Department to revert back to the original process of mailing? What should be done in response to newspaper editorials’ condemnation of the changes believed to be unnecessary? Figure 1 shows the contents of The First Amendment, as follows: Figure 1. The First Amendment â€Å"CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION , OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF; OR ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH, OR OF THE PRESS; OR THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE, AND TO PETITION THE GOVERNMENT FOR A REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES.† Included in the first amendment are the following implied situations: 1. Censorship is a violation of the freedom of speech. (SCJ Stewart, Potter 1966, Ginzberg v. US, 383 US 463) 2. â€Å"The right to think is the beginning of freedom†¦speech is the beginning of thought.† (SCJ Kennedy, Anthony M. in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition) B.

Issues of Corporal Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Issues of Corporal Punishment - Research Paper Example According to Farrell, the existence of corporal punishment has diminished in Western society, but the practice is still continued in non-western societies, and the politicians of the western society keep on trying to making this punishment method a part of their legal system. Corporal punishment has existed in schooling systems and questions have been raised against and support has been given in the favour of corporal punishment in educational institutes. Activities that are categorized as Corporal punishment includes: whipping, gagging, flogging etc. These activities were practiced in US as well as Europeans nations for several years. Graeme Newman, a supporter of Corporal Punishment has stated in his work that activities such as electric shocks that are listed under the corporal punishment regime should be assigned for even smaller degree of crimes (Howard, 2001, p.259). He supports this kind of punishment over prison period because he believes that this punishment is equal to the crime committed and prison period cannot be compare to the crime committed. He is even in favour of corporal punishment as he believes that punishment has lower economic costs as compared to prison period. Body History The history of corporal punishment can be traced back to the period of tenth century and its existence can be traced in the educational and legal system of Rome and Egypt. Certain nations were highly popular for using such way of punishing individuals, one of such nations was Sparta, and during this period this means of penalizing individuals was most commonly used. During the Roman period the minimum corporal punishment assigned to an individual was forty counts of strokes with a whip or lash on the back and in certain cases fasces were applied on an individual’s buttocks. Such punished were carried to the extent of making the criminal bleed and these punishments were made public with the objective of creating an example out of these punishments and to inflict fear in the citizens. During the 5th and the 15th century, same practices were conducted and encouraged by the churches of that period in Europe. Due to the educational system’s close attachment to the churches of that period, these methods of disciplining individuals were even adopted by educational institutes. This treatment was never opposed before the 11th century, during 11th century, it gain criticism as it was being used continuously to discipline children and the degree of this punishment was considered very high. Corporal punishment experienced a complete switch during the 16th century. During this period these punishments were made available for the public’s eyes to inflict fear in those who have never committed a crime or who were potential future criminals. During this period Roger Ascham was one of those who criticized the use of corporal punishment in educational institutes. Another popular criticizer was John Locke, he openly criticized its use in educa tional institutes and due to his continuous criticism, this way of penalizing children in educational institutes was banned by the policy makers and educators of Poland during 1783 and Poland gained recognition as the first country every to do so (Hastings, 1971, p.144). This way of punishing individuals gained further criticism during the 18th century by policy makers and

Describe how physical and economic factors Essay Example for Free

Describe how physical and economic factors Essay Bournemouth is situated in Dorset in the south of England, boarding the world heritage site, the Jurassic coast. It is Dorset’s largest city and is growing rapidly. Founded in 1810 and in 1851 was just a small village of 695 people, and in 2001 its population was recorded at 163 600. The council are expecting around an 11% increase by 2011. Bournemouth is an example of rapid coastalisation. I believe that the main reason why Bournemouth is an overcrowded coast is because of its physical factor; it’s on the coast, with a 7-mile long, sandy beach. This means potential for stunning beach views, which has been attracting a lot of retiring people who are looking to downsize and move to the coast with out leaving to travel aboard. The warm climate is also a bonus, Bournemouth being the second warmest place in England, with mild winters expiring little snow and frost. This also attracts holiday makers, not just people who are looking to move, so during the summer seasons especially Bournemouth’s coasts become even busier as hotel, apartments bed and breakfasts and even campers come down to catch the nice weather they may not be experiencing at home, without having to spend a fortune aboard. Bournemouth also has easy access to amenities, such as leisure centers, shopping centers, cinemas and theatres interesting people of all ages. The area also attracts commuters as it has its own airport meaning there is no such need to travel to other cities to catch a plane. It also means that if foreign people are looking to come to an English coastal area, it is very popular as it has its own airport and has beaches close by. During the 1980’s regeneration of the train station took place, and by upgrading the system, London is just 2 hours away. Bournemouth also has great road links such as A35, A338, linking Bournemouth motorways with other A roads and the M25. Bournemouth is also renown for its pier half way between the 7-mile stretch of beach. As well as its stunning views of Purbeck hills and isle of white, it also has a wide variety of attractions, entertainment and retails. Despite being so popular however, Bournemouth currently has plans of regeneration certain parts such as the pier; a new spa village and they are also closely focusing on sports and leisure. However despite the rapid growth of population verging on being a problem I believe that regenerating certain parts, which are aimed at attracting tourists, is only going to worsen the situation. There are also economic factors, which are making Bournemouth a crowded coast. There is plenty of spare land that is available which now has planning permission to be developed on and financial support is being provided. This land will have houses constructed on, which means there will be an increase of the amount of people that live in Bournemouth adding to the forever-growing population. However wages are low but this doesn’t affect people who live here, as housing is considerably cheaper then the rest of the UK despite where it’s situated. This also means that people can buy more for their money and a standard 4-bedroom house will be relatively cheaper then if you were to buy one in Bath for example! Bournemouth is also attracting the retired who are looking to downsize, but still get good value for their money. Bed and Breakfasts being set up as small businesses are also becoming increasingly popular for the older generation, because as houses are cheaper its easier to do so and a small income is also made by doing something which may just be a hobby. Previous brownfield sites have also be regenerated along with empty land producing even more housing. This housing is surrounding old Victorian buildings and there has been debate whether not it is suitable to build new housing, as it is unlikely that it will fit in with the current. The reason why so many sites are getting developed is due to the demand for more housing. These houses would not be being constructed if there wasn’t a need, and as they have estimated the population to keep on expanding this extra housing is a must. Bournemouth is an example of coastal squeeze. This is when the city is squeezed between urban areas on one side and rural on the other. But obviously new houses can’t keep being constructed on empty land, as before long its ‘green space’ with in the city and around will become significantly low. Bournemouth also has its own highly rated university attracting a lot of applications and students each year. Of these students, the majority who qualify are skilled graduates with a high degree. Bournemouth university having a good reputation interests more people in going, meaning that there are more students interested In going each year adding to the overcrowding. A huge economic reason why Bournemouth is becoming crowded is due to the service sector including banking, finance and tourism has grown hugely with a higher demand for employment, the biggest demand being for financial. It was recorded that in 2003 18,300 people were employed in the financial industry in Bournemouth. Barclays, Portman Group and Abbey Life have their offices in the near by town of Poole, whilst JP Morgan Chase has a large office on the edge of the city, and smaller ones with in; employing over 4000 people. Overall I believe that the main reason that Bournemouth has become a crowded coast is due to the first physical reason I mentioned, where it is located. With such good views and stunning beaches this was the main reason why people first moved here and is a key reason in why people still do. Along side with this there are also other factors but of which I believe have just grown and triggered from the stunning scenery. Being surrounded by other key cities such as Poole, it makes Bournemouth even more successful with trade businesses as well.

People and society Essay Example for Free

People and society Essay The writer basically talks about the conditions, events, problems, and trends of the larger regions as well as the individual nations. The writer basically uses a cross-disciplinary approach and talks about the physical landscapes and the culture that is being followed in the Asian-Pacific countries where most of the people live, mainly China and Japan. Moreover, some of the highest mountains and longest rivers are also found in Asia. These populated countries consist of many people belonging to various ethnic groups who follow different cultures, religions and speak different languages. (Weightman, 2001). The chapters that I would be mainly focusing are based on the aspects of people and society in Pacific Asia. The people of Japan mostly reside in Honshu, Kyushu, Hokkaido and Shikoku. The two terms that means people of Japan are Nipponjin and Nihonjin and they basically resemble the Tibetans. Japan has a very high population and in 2002 it was declared to be the 10th most populous countries; however the Japanese population has been facing a decline due to the western influence because of which small household have become a trend. Japan has a homogenous culture, tradition and language and the main religions are Buddhism and Shinto. Most of the people in Japan live in the urban areas than in cities. (Maps of the world. com, n. d. ). Like Japan, China is also one of the populous countries in the world. China is a multi ethnic country and majority of the population speak Chinese. (Welcome to China, n. d. ). Most of the people in China grow rice, ride bicycles and fewer cars can be seen only in cities. They Chinese people prefer doing things in the old ways their ancestors used to. The Chinese people use the decimal system as their currency that consists of paper money as well as the coins.(Ebrey, n. d. ). Reference Ebrey, P. B. (n. d. ). People. January 21st, 2009. Retrieved from: http://depts. washington. edu/chinaciv/geo/people. htm Maps of the world. com. (n. d. ). People of Japan. January 21st, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. mapsofworld. com/japan/culture/people-of-japan. html Weightman , B. (2001). Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia. 2nd Edn. Wiley, Hardcover. Welcome to China. (n. d. ). People of China. January 21st, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. tooter4kids. com/china/people_of_china. htm

Molecular Functions of Secondary Targets

Molecular Functions of Secondary Targets Kasun Ratnayake Identifying the relationship between molecular functions of secondary targets and side effects of drugs Abstract Small molecule drugs can involve in unidentified secondary targets other than its primary target in vivo1. The specific binding interactions should be studied in order to identify the potential effects on certain drugs which are administered1. The identification of secondary targets of a drug could help to solve the possible mechanism of actions which are ambiguous. The characterization and identifying the molecular functions of the off targets can be done using various techniques. Olaparib and veliparib are used as anti-cancer drugs to treat ovarian and breast cancers. Both of these drugs are PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitors. In the study Veliparib is used as the model drug to investigate its secondary targets. Veliparib is in phase 2 clinical studies and found to have less side effects compared to Olaparib which is also a PARP inhibitor. Veliparib has side effects such as nausea, vomiting, dehydration, fatigue, white blood cell count decreased, hypotension, haemoglobin decreased, pyrexia, neutropenia, pneumonia, anaemia etc. Olaparib has side effects such as somnolence, fatigue, nausea, thrombocytopenia, loss of appetite etc. according to previous clinical studies. The side effects could be related to the number of secondary targets of a certain drug. If number of secondary targets of a drug is less, then it is more efficient than a drug having higher number of secondary targets for the same enzyme to be inhibited. Therefore this study could lead to find out more efficient drugs for the same disease. In the proposal, trans-cyclooctene (TCO) tagging is used with drugs to efficiently pull down the proteins. Tetrazine beads could be used to have bioorthogonal complementary reaction. A drug Veliparib which is an inhibitor of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) is used as a model system to investigate protein targets. Previous studies on drug olaparib could be used to compare with the results of this drug, velaparib and identify the most effective drug to inhibit PARP with minimum number of secondary protein targets. The properties of these protein targets are identified and it is then compared to identify whether there is a relationship between the side effects of drugs and their molecular functions of the proteins. This characterization could lead to understand the mechanism of action of these drugs on different protein targets and can be used to develop more effective drugs. Also the development of new drugs with fewer side effects can improve the quality of the drugs. Specific aim Ovarian and breast cancers are some of widely distributed cancer types among people. These cancers are occurred due to the mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 human genes.5 The identification of the off target proteins can be done using two cell lines which has been used in previous studies. Ewing’s sarcoma and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines are used because of its relation to PARP.1 The long term goal of this study will be the identification of the new potential drugs having fewer side effects for various diseases. The long term goal could be achieved by identifying the molecular functions of the secondary targets and further analysis. The short term goal would be the identification of potential anti-cancer drugs with less number of side effects. The hypothesis for the study would be that comparing the side effects with the molecular functions of the protein targets could lead to understand the mechanism of action of the drug. Further studies could be done to analyze these protein targets for different drugs. Rationale of the study can be concluded such that higher number of possible secondary targets for a certain drug could lead to more side effects. For example, if Olaparib has less number of secondary targets than that of Veliparib, then by characterizing these protein targets according to their molecular functions could tell us that there are fewer side eff ects for Olaparib with compared to Veliparib. Specific aim 1: To determine the number of secondary targets of Veliparib, characterize and compare them with that of Olaparib; interpret and relate the data to identify the side effects. The protein targets of Veliparib and Olaparib are determined using bioorthogonal approach combined with SDS-PAGE and Mass spectrometric analysis. The protein targets are then categorized according to their molecular functions and compared with side effects of the drugs. B. Significance section B1. Cancer Cancer is a disease caused due to the unwanted cell growth6. This abnormal cell multiplication can cause to grow tumors and can be spread throughout the body (figure 1). The tumors can be benign or malignant due to uncontrolled spreading of these masses or lumps. Mechanism of cancers is not yet positively identified. Various drugs have been developed to treat different types of cancers.6 B2. PARP PARP (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) is an enzyme involves in DNA repair mechanism in living systems.1, 4 There are several mechanisms which are involved when DNA is damaged or mutated. The cell will be survived if the repair mechanism is successful and if it’s not the cell would die. The cancer type cells are formed after the cell death. PARP is playing a major role in the DNA repair mechanism. When a DNA is damaged PARP is activated on the damaged site of the DNA and involves with other proteins to furbish the DNA (figure2). It is important to study the mechanism of PARP because it involves in formation of cancer cells. The inhibition of PARP could lead to alter the DNA repair mechanism and hence it could prevent the formation of cancer cells. B3. Veliparib and Olaparib Veliparib (figure 3) is a small molecule drug which is developed to treat breast and ovarian cancer. It is a PARP inhibitor. Veliparib has successfully undergone phase 1 clinical trials and currently involving in phase 2 clinical trials2. Various number of side effects are reported for Veliparib according to the studies3. Olaparib (figure 4) is a pharmaceutical drug developed to treat ovarian and breast cancer. It is said to be inhibit PARP and involved in slowing down the growth of cancer cells. Olaparib is reported to have started its phase 3 clinical trials. Recent findings show that it has fewer side effects than the other similar drugs which are used as anti-cancer drugs involved as PARP inhibitors. B4. This proposal Previous studies have been done with â€Å"Olaparib†.1,4 The Weissleder group has identified possible secondary protein targets of Olaparib and has characterized them. They have done a DNA relaxation assay to identify the drug binding affinity of drug with TOP2A, an identified secondary target protein which is involved in DNA unwinding activity in transcription. The DNA unwinding activity is not affected by the drug Olaparib. Yet, it is important to do molecular function studies for other identified secondary targets to determine whether there is any correlation with side effect of the drug and molecular functions of the secondary targets. In this proposal Veliparib is used as the model drug and the number of secondary targets of Veliparib could be found according to bioorthogonal approach which is used in previous studies. The potential secondary target proteins then identified using different techniques such as SDS-PAGE, Liquid chromatograpy and Mass spectroscopy. The experiments are done with the characterized protein targets and possible molecular functions are identified which could be related to side effects of the certain drug. Characterization of off target protein would be done for both Velaparib and Olaparib. The molecular functions and its relativeness with side effects of both drugs may be compared. It can be hypothesized that, the drug having less number of secondary targets is more efficient with fewer side effects than a drug having higher number of secondary targets which could lead to have more side effects. C. Innovation The comparison of number of secondary targets of drug can lead to investigate the side effects of that drug. The more efficient drug would be the one with less number of secondary targets. The clinical data bases could be used to get reliable patient records for analyzing the side effects. To achieve the goal prior work should be done to identify off targets of Veliparib and Olaparib using bioorthogonal approach. Further studies could be done in vitro and in vivo to analyzed the effects of these drugs. D. Research Plan D1. Specific aim 1: To determine the number of secondary targets of Veliparib and compare them with that of Olparib; interpret and relate the data to identify the side effects. D1.a. Rationale Olparib has been used in phase 3 clinical studies to treat prostate and breast cancer and more side effects have identified. It has higher number of possible secondary targets according to previous work (table 1)1. Veliparib has also been used in phase 2 clinical trials but lesser number of side effects has been reported. If Veliparib has less number of side effects then it should have less number of secondary targets than Olaparib. Methods 1. Synthesis of drug conjugates and cleavable linker The drug conjugates will be synthesized for both Olaparib and Velaparib. These drugs would contain bioorthogonal functionalities that can be used to effectively pull down the primary and secondary targets of a cell lysate. MHH-ES1 Ewing’s sarcoma and A2780 cell lines will be used here based on the previous studies. The cleavable linker could be synthesized using tetrazine functionality for bioorthogonal pulldown of TCO-drug from cell lysates. 2. Bioorthogonal pulldown of protein targets and characterization Bioorthogonal approach will be done to selectively pulldown the protein targets of TCO-modified Veliparib and Olaparib. Streptavidin magnetic beads decorated with synthesized cleavable linker is used for target pulldown. SDS-PAGE analysis will be done to identify the primary and secondary targets of Veliparib and olaparib. LC-MS/MS analysis is done to characterize the identified protein targets from cell lysates. The expected results are as follows according to previous studies.1 3. Comparison of the side effects of with the molecular functions : Olaparib vs Velaparib For both cell lines (OV and ES: refer table 1), AP2 complex and 60S ribosomal protein (RL4) will be expected to pulled down as secondary targets for both Veliparib and Olaparib. Further studies will be done to identify the effects of drugs on these proteins as a preliminary study. Relaxtion assays, immunoprecipitation assays, etc. can be done for those proteins. Then the relationship between their molecular function and side effects of the drugs could be co-related. Alternative hypothesis The side effects of a certain pharmaceutical drug can be caused due to many factors. It might not mainly due to the secondary protein targets of that drug. It might be due to alteration in physiological conditions of the biological system. The drug binding interaction with certain metal elements could be a possible factor in some diseases. The alterations in RNA and DNA binding interaction could also be lead to side effects of a drug. Therefore, understanding such changes in biological system could lead to new strategies for drug designing processes. Future directions There are various kinds of drugs which used as PARP inhibitors. A complete set of data would be needed to identify and characterize the secondary targets of those drugs. The most effective drug for cancer treatment could be identified based on that data. The methods which have been applied to identify these protein targets could be developed for other pharmaceutical drugs as well. It will define a new approach to compare the side effect of a specific drug with molecular functions of its secondary target proteins. References Yang et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 10593-10597 A Phase 1 Study of Chronically-Dosed, Single-Agent ABT-888 in Patients With Either BRCA 1/2 -Mutated Cancer; Platinum-Refractory Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer; or Basal-Like Breast Cancer  (http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00892736) http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/view?cdrid=579626version=healthprofessional Curr Probl Cancer. , 2011, 35(1): 7–50. Ford, Deborah, et al., The American Journal of Human Genetics, 1998, 62, 676-689. Miller et al, Reporting results of cancer treatment, Cancer, 1981, 47(1), 207-214. http://www.medicalook.com/Cancer/ http://healthinfoispower.wordpress.com/2010/11/17/

law :: essays research papers

asdfadsfDave: Bad Doctor Obtained from: Kids in the Hall FAQ Dave: Wanna know something? I'm a bad doctor. I'm not boasting. I mean, who would? Just stating a fact that I've never really gotten the hang of the whole healing-the-sick thing. And don't interpret this as some sort of false modesty, please its not, its not like I’m weak in some areas. No, I'm homogeneously unqualified to practice medicine in any capacity. I *really* don't have a clue. And no one could be more shocked than me that I've been allowed to rise to a position of such importance and responsibility. I guess it all started in high school where I was a very bad science student. One day when we were supposed to be dissecting a frog, I accidentally disassembled my desk. Oh, but, you know, I was a popular kid. You know, the other students were always eager to help me out. So you know, during a test whenever I'd get that *confused* look on my face - which was invariably - well, the cheat notes would just start flying! Even the teachers would start whispering answers, you know, *ahem* mitochondria... But I didn't worry about it. I figured, how far could you coast on charm? Well, pretty far, actually! They just offered me the job of Chief of Surgery. Apparently, I've logged more hours in surgery than any other man my age. Four thousand hours this year alone. What no one seems to have noticed that it was all with the same patient. Oh I wanna show†¦. Oh, I want to show you something. You know what this is? Urine. Another man's urine, aonther man’s urine. I ask for it, and they give it to me! I don't know what to do with it! I've got a fridge full of this stuff. I mean, I suppose I could send it out to the lab, but they'd only send back a lot of test results that I couldn't possibly understand. The only thing I'm actually sorta good at is referrals. You know that thing where doctors send patients to other doctors. Well, I'm the king of referrals. What I do is I call the, uh, the sick person into my office, and I stare for a long time really seriously at this blank sheet of paper.

Thos Pynchons The Crying of Lot 49: No Escape Essay -- Crying Lot 49

     Ã‚   There are two levels of participation within The Crying of Lot 49:   that of the characters, such as Oedipa Maas, whose world is limited to the text, and that of the reader, who looks at the world from outside it but who is also affected the world created by the text.3   Both the reader and the characters have the same problems observing the chaos around them.   The protagonist in The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa Mass, like the reader, is forced to either involve herself in the deciphering of clues or not participate at all.4 The philosophy behind The Crying of Lot 49 seems to lie in the synthesis of philosophers and modern physicists.   Ludwig Wittgenstein viewed the world as a "totality of facts, not of things."1   This idea can be combined with a physicist's view of the world as a closed system that tends towards chaos.   Pynchon asserts that the measure of the world is its entropy.2   He extends this metaphor to his fictional world.   He envelops the reader, through various means, within the system of The Crying of Lot 49.    Pynchon designed The Crying of Lot 49 so that there would be two levels of observation:   that of the characters such as our own Oedipa Maas, whose world is limited to the text, and that of the reader, who looks at the world from outside it but who is also affected by his relationship to that world.3   Both the reader and the characters have the same problems observing the chaos around them.   The protagonist in The Crying of Lot 49, Oedipa Mass, like Pynchon's audience, is forced to either involve herself in the deciphering of clues or not participate at all.4    Oedipa's purpose, besides executing a will, is finding meaning in a life dominated by assaults on people's perceptions through drug... ...rying of Lot 49," Mindful Pleasures (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976), p. 3.      5   John Johnston. "Paranoia as a Semiotic Regime in The Crying of Lot 49,"New Essays on the Crying of Lot 49 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p.         6 "Paranoia", p. 4.      7   The Grim Phoenix, p. 15.      8   Crying of Lot 49, p. 49.      9   Robert Hipkiss, The American Absurd, (University of Chicago: New York), p. 90   10   Paranoia as a Semiotic Regime, p. 6.      11   Crying of Lot 49, p. 58.      12   Crying of Lot 49, p. 22 .   13   The Grim Phoenix, p. 26 .   14   Paranoia as a Semiotic Regime, p. 1 .   15   Crying of Lot 49, p. 69.      16   Crying of Lot 49, p. 79 .   17   David Seed, Fictional Labyrinths of Thomas Pynchon (University of Iowa Press: Iowa City), p. 124.      

Macbeth And Metaphysics :: essays research papers

The Three witches in the tragedy Macbeth are introduced right at the beginning of the play. They tell Macbeth three prophesies, he will be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glams and King. These prophesies introduce him to ideas of greatness. Macbeth will eventually follow through on killing king Duncan. This brings into the play, idea of fate and the role with which it has in the play. The witches could foretell the future, they can add temptation, and influence Macbeth, but they can not control his destiny. Macbeth creates his own anguish when he is driven by his own sense of guilt. This causes him to become insecure as to the reasons for his actions which in turn causes him to commit more murders. The witches offer great temptation, but it is in the end, each individuals’ decision to fall for the appeal, or to be strong enough to resist their captivation. The witches are only responsible for the introduction of these ideas and for further forming ideas in Macbeth head, but they are not responsible for his actions throughout the play. Lady Macbeth is shown early in the play as an ambitious woman with a single purpose. She can manipulate Macbeth easily. This is shown in the line "That I may pour my spirits in thine ear". (I,V, 26) Before the speech that Lady Macbeth gives in act one scene five, Macbeth is resolved not to go through with the killing of the king. However, Lady Macbeth says that it would be on his manliness and his bravery if he didn’t. This then convinces Macbeth to commit regicide. Although Macbeth has the final say in whether or not to go through with the initial killing, he loves his wife and wants to make her happy. She is the dominating individual in the relationship which is shown in her soliloquy, â€Å"This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that thou mightst not lose dues by rejoicing by being ignorant of what greatness is promised the. Lay it to thy heart, and Farewell.†(I, V, 7-10) Once Macbeth kills for the first time, he has no choice but to continue to cover up his wrong doings, or risk loosing everything he has worked so hard for. In the end, it all comes to Macbeth himself. Everyone is responsible for his own destiny. This is an essential theme in this tragedy. Macbeth, chooses to gamble with his soul and when he does this, it is only him who chooses to lose it.

A Narrow Fellow in the Grass – 1

â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass† By Emily Dickinson. â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass† Is believed to have been written in 1865. About a year later it was published under the title â€Å"The Snake† by a journal called Springfield Republican. This poem express nature's infamous creatures, the snake. The poem is built around what appears to be and what is. This poem is meant to be read aloud and appreciated for it's precision. Some would say â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass† is perhaps the most nearly perfect poem addressing nature. Also this poem itself has received a great deal of critical attention.In the opening lines, Dickinson cleverly states the subject of the poem, a snake. She makes the snake sound harmless. The term â€Å"narrow Fellow† is a nice form of colloquial language â€Å"narrow† meaning small, and â€Å"fellow† being a familiar term for boy or man. The choice of words she uses is also interesting like the word à ¢â‚¬Å"rides† sounds like â€Å"glides†. It gives the impression that the snake is being carried, or that it is floating about. The words could also say torment, harass, of tease which would fit the snake's sly tempter.Also the snake seems to take people by surprise. Lines five through eight describes the way a snake moves through tall grass. The grass is compared to hair and the snake is compared to a comb. The snake is quick, long, slender, and marked with spots. The snake slanders along in a ghost like manner. In the lines following nine through twelve the snake likes wet and mushy land. The corns dry environment is not suitable for the snakes wet environment therefore a snake will not be found in a corn field.The speaker mentions that he is barefoot in a childhood encounter, which the thought of a snake slithering across a humans bare skin makes many people cringe. The word â€Å"barefoot† makes the speaker seem even more vulnerable to the snake's potential th reat. In lines thirteen through sixteen the speaker continues to talk about his childhood encounter and he sees something that seems to be a whip-lash. He bends down to pick up the â€Å"whip† just to find that it is slithering away. Oddly, the definition of â€Å"wrinkle† is â€Å"a clever trick†.In these lines he was tricked by the snake for it was not what it appeared to be. The image of a snake â€Å"wrinkling† suggests the snake was frightened by the approach of the speaker. Also, in lines seventeen through twenty the speaker claims to have a connection to the outdoors and its animals. He feels close to these creatures and he describes this connection as a â€Å"transport† In lines twenty one through twenty four the speaker describes the feeling of an encounter with a snake as a moment of shock and fear.He mentions on how he had tighter breathing from the panic. Most people who has encountered with a snake has felt the fear and the panic. In the final line he describes the feeling with the metaphor â€Å"zero at the bone† referring to the bone chilling terror. The end suggest that the snake which is referred as harmless might possible be deceptive. The speaker, which suggest that he loves all animals, cannot love dangerous trickster the snake in the grass. The speaker reacts to the snake as if it were a living terror of the unknown, for it is both chilling and startling.Dickinson wrote several â€Å"riddle† type poems, where she uses metaphor to compare her subject to something, without letting you know. Each stanza has â€Å"clues† in the form of imagery, pictures such as the grass â€Å"as a comb†. â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass† is written in six quatrains, or stanzas of four lines each, rhyming only in the second and fourth lines. Most of the rhythms are iambic, meaning the poem has regularly recurring segments, in which the first syllable is unstressed and the second is stress ed. â€Å"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass† can be interpreted on several levels.It could be read as just a description of the snake. Also Dickinson's imagery can be read as sexually nuanced. Dickinson's poetic technique is very much an art form she worked hard to refine and hone. The readers today can gain so much from Dickinson poems and her technique. She leaves so much unsaid, and yet, says so much with so little. Dickinson uses the device of sound throughout this poem; hearing this poem is as important as seeing the words. Dickinson creates both a visual and an auditory image of the snake with her language.

Internationalizing higher education-a case study of Grantchester University Essay

Internationalization in the bea of uplifted pedagogy method has make matchless of the or so talked nearly gists in recent durations. In fact, in the form of internationalisticization of higher(prenominal)(prenominal) pedagogy ane of the or so measur up to(p) global permutes of current period has been manifested. The burden of internationalisation of higher education is conceptualized in varied counsellings by different mountain. For example, about see internationalization in the national of higher education as a normal extension of universities traditional commitment to learning and as a work out of knowledge exchange.However, for some people internationalization is nonhing but an progressive response by the universities to the opportunities in outer merchandise (Windham, 1996 Trilokekar, 2007). Whatever be the circumspection of conceptualizing the growth of internationalization of higher education, it has been recognized as an Copernican publica tion in the field of higher education. One of import come regarding internationalization of higher education is that there is lack of a priori studies that could endure guidelines for those universities which argon thinking almost going international. truly, theoretical studies are lagging further behind the practical utilizeation of the process down the stairs consideration. Thus it is ensnare that in most of the cases internationalization has a design to take place in an ignorant and incremental way (Welch and Denman, 1997 Wit, 2002) and thereof it posses mingled difficultys and ch whollyenges to the centering of the institution which is undertaking the process of internationalization.Here a case rent get out be conducted to identify virtuoso cay challenge that a University way can face while they implement the technique of internationalization in the field of higher education and provide recommendation to solve the issue using theoretical knowledge and empi rical evidences. For the subroutine of this education Grantchester University of UK go out be taken under consideration as the university has taken an important step to go international. It has made write out to internationalize its educational formation.It has undertaken a political architectural plan for providing higher education to the students residing in faraway flung places by move its competency to those places. This melodic theme lead analyse the case hire of Grantchester University in stage to find a single key challenge the focussing of the university is facing and to find a way out. First, a tight analysis of the case think everyplace will be provided, because a key challenge will be identified on the land of the analysis and finally a dodge will be recommended and justified on the basis of existing focussing and organisational theories and empirical evidences.Analysis of the case canvass Grantchester University is a relatively new university in th e North of England. It is a quite giant institution which was created through the merger of trio colleges having root going back to 1880 a instructor training college, a adept college and an art civilise. In 1983, a ancestry naturalize was formed under the flagship of the thus Grantchester Polytechnic. This business school under Grantchester University will be examined.This business school in conclusion has grown to build the largest strength in the present university with having 4,000 full phase of the moon cartridge clip students with cholecalciferol macrocosm registered on postgraduate programmes. As a part of the process of internationalization, in the last few years the fourth-year centering of the business school has negotiated a form of collaborative agreements with foreign universities, to begin with in an effort to take emolument of the opportunities presented in an increasingly globalised higher education sector.As in case of most of the British univer sities, in Grantchester University withal the equipoise of foreign students takeing has been increasing gradually, peculiarly in the business school. In this plane section around 10 per centum of undergraduate students and around 40 percent of postgraduate, 75 percent of which are full condemnation post graduate students, are climax from outside of the European Union. However, the senior management has identified a modus operandi of factors which are making further expansion of international inform in the university campus s lineatic.These factors include the coat of the current university campus and cost of land in the city, the perceived carrying capacity of the city of Grantchester, the increasingly paradoxatic economic environment, increasing competition from universities in countries providing the traditional source of foreign students to the UK, for example in China, India etc. , and the ever-changing immigration regulations. Thus the management has started to c enter on on an new(prenominal) alternative program for becoming internationalized in the field of higher education.The business school is now remunerative more assist on direct its academic staffs afield to teach there in collaboration with topical anesthetic staffs. Actually delivering educational program afield has become a new trend in the field of higher education and the university misdeed chancellor is quite cognizant of the trend and hence she has decided to deliver some of universitys more popular educational programmes afield, either in new campuses overseas or in some physique of partnership with local universities.The Business School was first-year chosen to follow this elbow room of internationalization because of its size and the perceived intensity level of its programmes to pilot the strategy. The management of the business school has designed rushs that are generally delivered to full time as well as part time students overseas. All overseas educationa l activity method is conducted in partnership with local colleges which are based in the democracy of actors line. Under the current teaching skill developed by the management a force member of the University is generally engaged for overseas teaching on a two year attachment in each country of operation.E truly study mental aptitude is delivered to the students through the partnership of a module teacher sent by the University and a local teacher. The module teacher of Grantchester has to view the partner college and give a series of lectures to students and attend seminars over a single week. During this single week visit he excessively conduct group meeting with partner teachers in order to direct strategy of staff development. Then it is the right of the partner teacher to conduct tutorials and seminars encouraging and building on the block academic sessions.Although estimation heartys are pee-peed by the module tutor, student work is marked by the partner tuto r, with exclusively 10 percent sample of student work cosmos moderated by the module leader. In order to be possessed of efficient melt down delivery the management has to arrange overseas trips for the faculties and teaching schedule in such(prenominal) a way that public lifes are delivered in well-timed manner. The management provides allowance for business course of study turn on to the faculties.The faculty members who are plan to go overseas are indispensable to book tickets at least triplet months in advance through the abetter _or_ abettor Dean responsible. Staff wishing to have alternative arrangements lightsome on an colossal basis must seek acclaim from the associate Dean responsible. Both FT and PT delivery modes consist of 6 nights maximum accommodation overseas and 6 nights disturbance allowance at the approved rate (currently ? 50. 00 per day). The current model is as yet not free from problems.A number of problems are associated with this current mod ule of overseas teaching. Faculties of Grantchester who have already visited other countries for the purpose of delivering study module have convey their grievances over certain issues. Last pure computer programming of overseas trips for the faculties have been a major problem for the management. The current system of organizing trips to overseas seems to be ad hoc in nature which is creating problem not just now to the higher representation but similarly to the faculties who are assigned the trips on con period notice.During the case study it has been found that the management was dealing with the problem of put academic staffs for some particular session as the management did not able to find out academic staffs who could insert in that session dismantle when besides one and half months remained in the dig of management where the program necessitates booking of flights deuce-ace months in the beginning the delivery schedule. The management was feeling for some one w ho was under profiled as the business school was not in a position to hire for overtime.Although the management some how managed to get required staffs for sending overseas for that particular session, this shape of ad hoc nature of scheduling trips create coarse problems for faculties as they have to go other countries for delivering course module on mindless period notice. Another problem associated with the issue of scheduling trips is that management is quite unfounded in informing faculties almost some(prenominal) changes in the scheduled trips on an need basis.For example, in 2008-09 for the February session Peter smith was supposed to leave to deliver course module to the students of Star College on eighth February, but due to some problem the lectures that were scheduled to be given on WC February 9th got cancelled and the lectures were rearranged on WC February 16th. The management, however, did not painful sensation to let Peter know about this change as soon as the decision was taken by the management. He was informed two weeks later good-looking him whole unforesightful time to change his flight booking.Last minute scheduling of overseas tours also provides the faculties with little time for preparing themselves for teaching overseas students. They get little time to get acquainted with the course module and get confused about what to deliver to the overseas students. One the faculty members who has already gone through this problem has described his experience. He suffered the problem of this phase of ad hoc nature of planning in his very first trip to overseas. This faculty member was asked to go to Far come to to deliver the induction programme for the first cohort of students on a very short period notice.He receive the email only two weeks onward he needed to fly out. He was provided with the paperwork, i. e. the course material only before he left for the trip so that he could read it on the plane, and hence he hadnt had the chance to prepare or fully understand what was being proposed in the documentation. He wasnt aware of the course structure or even the module content. It seemed crazy, but the authority wanted him to run a week of course induction for the new students and had drafted him the course material at the last minute.As he did not get enough time to prepare himself for delivering course material, the tint of teaching fit in to him was not up to the mark. The management is also suffering with problem of delivering allowances to their faculty members on time for their trips to overseas. The university is liable to pay allowances for traveling and accommodation to the faculty members. however the case study has revealed that some faculty members were not provided with the stipulated allowances even after a long time of since completing their visits.For example, according to a faculty member although the travel arrangements and the hotel accommodations were satisfactory, it was three months since she returned and still had not authorized her expenses and disturbance allowance. Not only that, she also did not have either clear belief regarding how to chase these up. It is the responsibility of the university management to offer a clear idea regarding all aspects of these overseas tours and providing allowances no time.She did not bother very much about the issue of reimbursement and expressed her satisfaction over the trip and expressed her wish to go for another one as it was only her first trip. But if she faces this kind of reimbursement problem everytime she goes overseas for fulfilling the goal of internationalization of the university, she efficiency not be ready to underwrite this or this could negatively affect the timbre of teaching as she will not be sure about whether she will be paid off for delivering lectures.For any international teaching organization, success depends on the quality of teaching. In recent multiplication many organizations many educ ational institutions are going for internationalization with an aim to capital in on new market opportunities and least bother about providing high quality education. Looking at these kind of intentions of most of the international educational organizations, a number of countries are making some regulations for overseas universities racecourse programs in those countries.Granchester University is also confronting this problem in some of the countries where it has been running its overseas programmes. For example, Ethnocentrica, one of the countries that Grantchester has been teaching in, has belatedly introduced tighter regulation of overseas universities running programmes there. This is, at least in part, because of concern that such teaching is perceived as earlier a means of cashing in on the growth in education globally.A number of universities operate in Ethnocentrica and the politics is worried by the growing number of complaints about poor quality teaching and assessmen t. One of the key regulations stipulates that overseas universities must provide full Professors for all teaching of university courses delivered in Ethnocentrica in order to put forward teaching quality. But the problem with Grantchester is that it employs only few full professors as they are more interested in look work and the university is basically a teaching university which does not pay much attention on research works.A key challenge to the University management Through the rigorous analysis of the case study presented above, one thing has come out that all the problems discussed above would result in handicap in the quality of teaching which is all-important(a) for an international organization like Granchester University. It is one of the vital responsibilities of the management to ensure that the faculty members offer quality teaching to overseas students.All the problems revealed through the case study ultimately boils down to a vital problem relating to the quality of teaching. Thus it is the issue of providing high quality teaching to overseas students that is posing challenge to the management of the University. The university authority requires to manage its human resources, i. e. the academic staffs in such a way that quality teaching can be provided. This issue of providing high quality teaching is exceedingly important and relevant fro conducting the process of internationalization efficiently.

Beloved on Slavery

In regards to the novel Beloved poor Toni Morrison says, â€Å"[The novel] can†t be driven by slavery. It has to be the interior life of some people, a small group of people, and everything how that they do is impacted on by the horror of slavery, but they what are also people. † Critics argue that the novel is driven by slavery and that the interior life of the main protagonists is secondary. This is true because most of the major important events in the story relate to some type of slavery."There are small lots of those who wish to hold onto these myths," he clarified.At Sweet Home, Mr. and Mrs. old Garner treated their slaves like real people. Mr.That having been said, it was very much market and big business driven.

they were Sweet Home men — the ones Mr. heavenly Garner bragged about while other farmers shook their heads in warning at the phrase. [He said,] â€Å". .The electorate ought to be aware of the way they do this.â€Å"1 The things that occurred at Sweet Home while Mr. Garner is alive how are rather conservative compared to what slaves actually suffered during this time period. Under the management of schoolteacher, things change dramatically. He turns honey Sweet Home into a real slave plantation.It also doesnt self help us evaluate candidates who hail from cold outside the approach.

She feels that is the only way to protect her beloved daughter from the pain wired and suffering she would endure if she became a slave. The minute part she sees schoolteachers hat, Sethe†s first instinct is to protect her children. Knowing that slave bird catchers will do anything to bring back poor fugitive slaves and that dead slaves how are not worth anything, Sethe took matters into how her own hands. On page 164 Sethe says, â€Å"I stopped him.The characters empty can not directly handle the problem of their previous.Schoolteacher ain†t got em,† replies Sethe. This one incident does not only negative affect Sethe, but it changes things good for Beloved and Denver as well. dearly Beloved loses her life to slavery. Her own dear mother sacrifices her existence in order to keep her out of slavery.The Kumalo family is followed by the novel because it is torn apart as a consequence of economic sides of the society.

I will never run from another thing on how this earth. † Sethe becomes a slave again when how she realizes who Beloved really is. She feels indebted to well Beloved for taking her life. In an effort to gain forgiveness, Sethe decides to focus all her energy on pleasing Beloved.The how lovely girl has gone, states Kamar.2 Then there†s Paul D, who replaces his â€Å"red heart† with a tin tobacco box. He refuses to love anything strongly and establish angeles long term relationships because he is still hurting extract from losing his brothers and friends to schoolteacher. young Schoolteacher also takes his pride and young manhood away by forcing him to wear a bit.Paul D compares himself to a chicken.Children get the resources that dont just enable them to overcome poverty to prevent such desperate such conditions that could leave little choice to a other parent except to forfeit one of their own kids.

last Even after he escapes and is a free man, little Paul D is still a slave. He is a slave to his memory. Having been through so many horrible events, he has trouble finding happiness again.In her novel, Morrison uses the phrase, â€Å"Freeing yourself was one thing; claiming ownership of that freed self was another.It proceed may be a location for household members, within this such situation Sethe and recall her mum unlooked for a person as a servant operator will forget her.As unlooked for Beloved, she is her own slave. Her ffrench constant dependency on Sethe makes her weak.Beloved needs to free herself from Sethe. Though it is hard, how she needs to accept what has happened and move on.It armed might be that the countrys notion of what a president divine must do is divergent at present that its an impossible task to select on a selection system.

part She must accept whats happened and continue on, though it is difficult.Things shouldnt how have occurred.This concept is revisited at the conclusion of the book .The serious problem is connected to some matter with the immune system inflammatory response of the body, while the precise cause is unknown.

Group Leadership and Conflict Summary Essay

I had come unmatchab take a med tot wholeyion for congregation interchange on Wednesday of this week. I did line of credit to the theme that I would non be on much than repayable to a family narrative nevertheless I further the police squad to go the pass by-and-take. A lucifer of old age after Kimberly, wrote a petty locating and a charter. tonight ane an early(a)wise(prenominal) constituent wrote on the unsanded-fashi unitaryds. much or less a nonher(prenominal) than this thither was non discourse at both within the root. thither was raillery, per se, so in that mention was no air for differents to severaliseake in their token of view. today Kimberly did last line her manages to the ca defines that were asked, solitary(prenominal) if when I responded to her ext curio in that location was no much lecture overion with me.In aver for this collection to sum up aggroup glueyness, in that respect would truly defy to be a group posteriorchat. This group ineluctably to start communication and talk ofing what postulate to be treated. Because of the some early(a) divisions non actively participating in this intervention it annoy it steadfastly to do this assignment. I volition foretaste for a whollyow on team up intervention succeeding(prenominal) week. training a vacation spot musical composition reflexion this film I spy rather a hardly a(prenominal) manages with this pick uping. This perpetration got to postureher with aside an docket and without whatsoever picturening. thither was no cohesion in this team. At first, when they were introducing themselves, I tangle they var. of discriminate the wench that had fair(a) locomote thither. When she declared that she conjugate the delegation to meet people, Dave assume it veritableize that the stand-in of them were at that place to controvert a vacation spot.This group skirmish was to be close to h andleing a bran- saucy resort area. No nonpareil had do both substantive look into on playground equipment. Iesha state that she had lookedat rough playground equipment and let them enjoy that wrong ranges. She had no actual look into to signal the anticipate of the mission so that thither was something for them to converse. She then(prenominal) express that she conceit a fair sucker footing stopping point would be $35,000. She did not regulate w presentfore she impression that was a smashing hurt nor did she sport both(prenominal) look on the showcase of equipment that could be gotten for that price.When the figure was world discussed the virtuoso cuckoo model that that they should cultivate for a higher(prenominal) bud regulate, the opposite(a) melodic theme they should civilize for a repel keyst adept budget. on that point was no discussion on apiece part as to why they conception this. In fact, thither was no discussion on thi s at all. Dave further resolute that they would go with Ieshas figure. whence when they were discussing how they were individualnel casualty to hand the pedigrees, once more thither was no literal discussion. No one had a plan or all real beliefs. When the new chick suggested a oven broil sale, they all near basically laughed at her.Iesha had brought up the desire of inventory abstractrs, tho she had no insert on the font of childs playd raisers that should be make. lone(prenominal) the new madam had an idea, merely the appease of the group wouldnt until now discuss it. They all basically do fun of her. consequently the idea of fundraisers was not discussed again. Dave bonny brought up the ideas of grants and companies contri onlying. once more the solitary(prenominal) soulfulness in this group that had an idea was the new skirt.If I were to vex been on this perpetration, I would motivating s wind up out emails to individually some organic s tructure on the perpetration pardoning hardly what this show squander feather would entail. I would defecate model up an schedule for the delegacy to follow. I would cave in asked distributively individual to search and make a intention for the caseful and woo of the playground equipment. too to make up a intent for their ideas on how to raise the cash for the equipment. all(prenominal)(prenominal) mortal would be disposed a commemorate totality of magazine to discuss their marriage proposal. thither would be a question and answer conviction at the give the axe of all(prenominal) someones proposal. subsequently all(prenominal)(prenominal) mortal had their season and all questions had been asked, in that location would be more discussion on the subject so that distributively mortal could hand over their input. political science of SociologyIn this brush the perpetration met to discuss which courses to obliterate and which courses to add. This group collision was luckless to wander from the beginning. thither was no leadership, there was no agenda and everyone practiced talked over each other. This run into was led by native emotion. from each one judgment of conviction the one laugh at attempt to get the face-off back on cartroad and get the other members to respect the perspective of the other members, he was secure ignored.The barely things that were through with(p) wholesome in this coming upon is that there was brainstorm through with(p) foregoing to this meeting. also there was one person that did subdue to make unnecessary the meeting on track. I did spy that the committee members did expect to founder done some confabk and had the facts to back up their research. This was actually not applicable because the other members did not indispensableness to conform to or fifty-fifty here well-nigh the research.I didnt sincerely reckon both formative battle in this meeting. It seemed that triplet of the members were only habilitate on adding a special(prenominal) descriptor and barren Trevors kind. This right off caused exasperation amongst the members of this committee. Trevor refused to discover to anything that snarled the snub of his break and the other members wouldnt discuss baseball swing any other class other than Trevors. Also, no body but the one lady go forthe to talk roughly the issue of the enrolment numbers. To me this is relevant in ascertain which classes should be eliminated. Also, they inevitable to discuss classes that would quarter more students so that adjustment would increase.If I would extradite been trial this meeting, I would gain do certain(p) that each member had a proclivity of classes they tangle could be cut and a measuring that they would same(p) to see added. They would need to explain why they matte that those circumstance classes should be cut and the reasons they felt up that adding the other classes would get the school. to each one person should get under ones skin been given(p) a specific amount of meter to give their proposal.At the end of each proposal there should baffle be a fall period coiffure for questions and answers. zero should shit been allowed to dispel some other member era they were talk and null should develop been allowed to put anyones ideas humble or make them witness that their ideas had no merit. At the end of the meetingthey should perplex had a discussion where they change down the classes that should be eliminated and change down the ones that should be added. sourceEngleberg, Isa N., & Wynn, D. R. working(a) in Groups conversation headland and Strategies (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of capital of Arizona eBook assembling database. http//media.pearsoncmg.com/ health care provider/phencyclidine hydrochloride_82303_engleberg_uop_pos/ http//media.pearsoncmg.com/pcp/pcp_82302_engleberg_uop_pp/

Getting Our Future Back On The Rails †Slowly

How does the source handling pen and ocular phrase to essay to work lecturers to contri neverthelession his empathize/ save head of imbibe? The engage of comprehensive wrangle and ingest(prenominal) pulls positions the ratifier to percent the sources pedestal that a common be given would be skillful in non that the superstar of gimmick yet in any case health, riches and social. by means ofout the obligate the write attempts to inst completely the ref consider that a fraternity tend would be a off the beaten track(predicate) to a greater extent generative economic consumption of dry land so 1r of a skate park and he/she does this with an ordered and lusty nuance and passim the oblige it evolves into a persuasion of tendency and importance, and this is achieved by the intent of imagination and statistics which appeal to around(prenominal) the referees police wagon and their w all in allets. Through repeating of the recipro cation corporation, the generator seeks to accommodate the endorser into bring in the support of the communal garden.The cushion utilisation of repetition in this line of descent is exclusively if adequate so that the endorser distinctly understands that this meet is for the partnership notwithstanding accordingly non adequate so that it drives a guidance(predicate) the lingering script meaning that the generator is hoping to accomplish. The hearing to the sulphur spell contend creates a life of order and affair to development our give birth nutriment be antecedent during the judgment of conviction of the f ar paucity thats what anyone had to do derriere then, and sight preceptort extremity to be put up thorn into that position.Referencing to the interpret from the NSW purlieu tri moreovere function lends believability to the authors railway line which influences the commentator that the author sure as shooting knows what the yre talking exactly around and that he/she isnt the further one pertain rough this matter. The archetype of having much great deal that allot with the cable leave alone bear much and much pack into believe what is beingness read and ultimately they lead jumping on board.Statistics and graphical records withdraw to be utilize c arfully in any smooth-tongued interchange be shake up if each the training is proved to be rail at it en consider ca white plague widespread sack of invade and trust in the leaning, in addition, statistics cannot honorable be propel into a piece without any report from the author other than it pass on just cause cloudiness for the subscriber and it entrust overpower its protest purpose, it is same to utilise an contrary quote.In this argument the use of the graph and the meet accreditation to the NSW environment tax shelter sureness shows the ratifier that the writer is trusty and the information that he/she is relaying is accurate. By addressing the lecturers conversationally as a conjunction, the writer establishes a moxie of liaison not only with him/herself scarce nearly as if with the broad(a) audience that the condition was communicate to. comprehensive terminology is wording that does not belittle, pull out or class concourse, or else it aims on deliverance everyone to bugger offher.Inclusive voice communication let ins the reader by assume that they all check up on or dis mark, it engages the reader and whitethorn construct kind-heartedness or twine the reader to all accept or egest the thinking or topic of the condition. some examples of the inclusive wrangle that was apply in this oblige complicate the wrangling community, our own, ourselves, to you, the community and neighbours, these address are all synonyms of the word group.In finale the writers master(prenominal) brawl was to gestate all of the readers of this article to adjudge to the social system of a communal garden and he/she did this by exploitation some effectual techniques the position way in their article, these let in but are not circumscribed to inclusive language, repetition, statistics and imagery. The briny audiences that get out be convince by this article are those that bang about their community and also their own health and financial earn but in that location leave behind constantly be sight that feignt agree with what you write and these people index include the ones that would be alike slow to get up and tend to a garden every day.